Vol 12, No 2 (2023)

This paper deals with the features of the structural and functional organization of the assimilation apparatus of individuals of the plantain fly, which are in five ontogenetic states (juvenile, immature, virginal, young and middle-aged generative). The changes in the morphometric parameters of the assimilation apparatus in j, im, v, g₁ and g₂ individuals of Alisma plantago-aquatica are analyzed. During the ontogenesis of Alisma plantago-aquatica, the length, width, area and mass of the sheet plastic, as well as the growth coefficient, changed along an S-shaped curve. In the middle-aged generative plants of Alisma plantago-aquatica, all morphometric parameters had maximum values. During the pregenerative (three ontogenetic states) and generative (two ontogenetic states) periods of ontogenesis, the number of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids in the leaves of the helophyte increased. Regardless of the ontogenetic state of plants, the concentration of yellow pigments was 3,0–6,0 times lower than of the green ones. The degree of functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus in individuals of different ontogenetic states can be judged both by the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b, and the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids. With an increase in the total assimilating surface of the leaves, the intensity of photosynthesis and, as a consequence, the amount of organic carbon in the leaves of Alisma plantago-aquatica individuals increased. The structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus observed in the ontogenesis of Alisma plantago-aquatica can be explained by the peculiarities of adaptation mechanisms to long-acting external environmental factors. Medium-aged generative plants of Alisma plantago-aquatica are promising for assessing carbon accumulation and overall productivity of coastal-aquatic phytocoenoses.

The paper studies the planktonic algoflora of the Mirozhka and the Pskova Rivers. The research was carried out in the early autumn period of 2019. The taxonomic composition of the Mirozhka River included 107 species and intraspecific taxa of microalgae, the Pskova river – 76 species taxa of algae from 7 phylums: Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenozoa, Miozoa. The basis of the floral complex in both rivers were diatoms and green algae. The representatives of the Ochrophyta department also made a visible contribution to the species richness of the algoflora of the Mirozhka River. The degree of floral similarity of phytoplankton communities of the Mirozhka and Pskova rivers, calculated using the Sorensen-Chekanovsky index, was 55,7% (51 species of microalgae were common to the rivers). The average phytoplankton abundance in the Mirozhka River was 891,9 thousand cells/l, and in the Pskova river – 199,6 thousand cells/l, biomass – 366,9 micrograms/l and 79,6 micrograms/l, respectively. According to ecological and geographical analysis, freshwater widespread planktonic forms of microalgae predominated in both rivers, preferring slightly alkaline waters. Beta-mesosaprobionts prevailed in relation to organic matter pollution in rivers (38,5% – the Mirozhka River; 41,8% – the Pskova River), which indicates moderate pollution of the studied watercourses. The average saprobity index of the Mirozhka River and the Pskova River was 2,1 and 1,9, respectively, which makes it possible to attribute the waters of the studied watercourses to the 3^rd class of quality – moderately polluted.

Three species of secretive invasive insects (locust gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), miner moth Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens, 1859) and locust digitate leafminer Parectopa robiniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)) as well as locust gall midge parasitoid Platygaster robiniae Buhl & Duso, 2007 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) were noted on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, 1753) and clammy locust (R. viscosa Ventenat, 1801) (Fabaceae) on the territory of Voronezh. In galls on Robinia leaves, gall midge larvae, pupae exuvia, and pupae of the parasitoid P. robiniae were found, from which adults were bred under laboratory conditions. Galls of O. robiniae and mines with larvae of the moth M. robiniella were noted both on black and clammy locust. Mines with larvae of the moth P. robiniella were recorded only on clammy locust on the territory of the forest park area of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. The distribution of P. robiniella is possibly associated with the cleaning of leaf litter in the city. The locust gall midge O. robiniae and its parasitoid P. robiniae are reported for the Voronezh Region for the first time.

This article analyzes the ecological and evolutionary aspects of the nesting life of the black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), which leads a synanthropic lifestyle and forms colonies during the breeding season. The number of individuals belonging to this species began to increase rapidly at the end of the 19th century, which is a manifestation of one of the criteria for biological progress. This direction of evolution is associated with an increase in the level of adaptability of descendants in comparison with their ancestors. The progressive nature of the development of the species affects the stages of the annual life cycle, which includes the pre-breeding and nesting periods. During the pre-nesting period, birds arrive in the nesting area and select a site for the colonial settlement. Arrival dates are determined by temperature, the state of aquatic ecosystems and the physiological characteristics of birds. The nesting period includes the construction of a nest in a certain part of the territory on which the colony is being built. The process of colony formation occurs in stages: single nests, microcolonies, biological center. After the formation of the biological center, nests are built on the periphery. The formation of this part of the colony according to the same stages as the biological center. The biological center deals with the birds that arrive first on the territory of the colony. This area within the colony differs from the periphery in early terms of formation and high density of nests. In the formed colony, the biological center and periphery are distinguished. The colony as a supraorganismal structure is built under the influence of environmental factors that provide a sufficient level of adaptability of this group of individuals to the environment. The obtained materials will make it possible to study monospecific and polyspecific colonies as groups of individuals that exist on the basis of the manifestation of biocoenotic relationships.

The article considers the current problem of modern scheme of Russia forest zoning designing and methods of forest typological assessment of forest climatopes and forest typological zoning. For the northern part of European Russia at the beginning of the XXI century, the climates of forest thermotopes, contrastotopes and hygrotopes, their spatial distribution, geographical stretching and zoning has been determined by classical forest typological methods. It has been ascertained four zones of forest climatopes, four zones of continentality (zones of forest contrastotopes), one of that has separate semienclave from the White and Barents Seas, and five zones of forest hygrotopes (one of that is disjunctive). A new, previously undescribed climate of the contrastotop of the mild (seaside) forest climate has been identified, requiring an assessment of the forest-growing effect. It has been established that the modern zones of forest thermo-, contrast- and hygrotopes have a different nature of geographical extent, and modern boundaries of zones have characterized by dynamical mobility and indefinite form in most cases, especially boundaries of forest hygrotopes climate zones. The modern forest typological zoning of the northern part of European Russia is proposed according to three equivalent climatic regimes and it has established forest typological regions with maximal area. In connection with complicate of boundaries of zones character it is established that the greatest diversity of forest typological areas are between boundaries of thermotopes and hygrotopes climate zones and from White and Barents Seas and Ural Mountains. The question is raised about the assessment of the actual existence of some selected local forest typological areas as geographical ecotones.

Data are presented on the stock and content of carbon in the litter-fall and litter of middle-taiga deciduous forests of different ages, which are formed at the site of felling of bilberry-type spruce forests. It has been determined that the litter of birch-spruce young stands accumulates 10 tC/ha, while annually with ground litter 1 tC/ha enters, in aspen-birch stands – 8 and 2 tC/ha, respectively. The results of the research have shown that the contribution of the litter of the underground part of vegetation to the accumulation of carbon in the litter is comparable to the above-ground one and is about 1 tC/ha per year for woody plants and 0,6–1,1 tC/ha per year for ground cover plants. The rate of annual carbon release in the process of litter destruction is 21–30%, for the fall of assimilating organs of trees and plants of the ground cover – 42–79%, for branches, cones and tree roots – 7–24%. The carbon content in the litter is differentiated by subhorizons: its concentration in Oi is higher than in Oe + Oa. In the studied deciduous stands, the increase in litter reserves from the upper subhorizon to the lower subhorizon is inversely proportional to carbon accumulation. The average annual rate of carbon turnover in the litters is about 3 years.

Soil biota is characterized by high structural, taxonomic and functional diversity and determines the leading trends in the process of soil formation, while the microorganisms content in the soil varies widely depending on its chemical composition, humidity, temperature, pH and other properties. On the other hand, the soil microbiome has a significant impact on soil fertility, participating in the conversion of nutrients inaccessible to plants into usable forms. Soil microbiota can promote or inhibit plant growth. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the leading representatives of the microbiome for soil samples from the territory of the model field of the peasant (farm) economy Tsirulev E.P. (Privolzhsky District of the Samara Region). Soil sampling was carried out in accordance with the methods of sampling and sample preparation for chemical, bacteriological, helminthological analysis. For comparison, 15 samples were taken from the same points of the field in different years – 2019 and 2020. Soil suspensions were prepared according to the serial dilution method. Sowing dilutions was carried out on potato-glucose agar. Microorganisms were identified by microscopic method. The test result was calculated separately for fungi and bacteria. The ratio of fungi and bacteria in % to their total number was determined by calculating the number (N) of microorganisms present in the sample. Chemical analysis of soil samples was carried out according to the following parameters: water pH, salt pH, mass fraction of organic matter, mobile potassium and mobile phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. Laboratory study of soil samples taken on a model field from the territory of a peasant (farm) economy Tsirulev E.P. showed a fairly stable level of water and salt pH values, moderate variability in the content of organic matter, mobile potassium, magnesium and calcium, with a high heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of mobile phosphorus in the soil. Identification of the presence and abundance in soil samples of typical representatives of soil microbiocoenosis (12 broad-spectrum phytopathogens and 2 phytopathogen antagonists) made it possible to detect microorganisms: – common in this soil environment in both years of research (causative agents of phomosis, yellow mucous bacteriosis); – found for samples of one year in the minimum number of samples, not detected in another year (causative agent of verticillium, gray mold) or significantly increased their presence (causative agents of rhizoctoniosis, anthracnose, cladosporiosis). The presence in a significant proportion of soil samples, from 20 to 50–80% of the samples, was noted for a significant group of objects (Alternaria, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhisopus), in both years of research, the presence of the phytopathogen antagonist Trichoderma was detected in all samples. The question of the connection between the revealed changes in the composition of the soil microbiome and the species of plants that were cultivated in this field during a given growing season requires additional data to be clarified, which we will do in subsequent years. Nevertheless, the primary data obtained confirm the existing ideas about the lability of soil microbiocoenosis as a dynamic system that changes its state in response to the impact of abiotic (temperature, humidity) and biotic factors.

In this paper, the authors assess the ability of Chlorophytum comosum to absorb formaldehyde in closed rooms. Chlorophytum comosum was used as a model for studying the gas-absorbing activity of indoor plants. A Chlorophytum comosum plant with a leaf area of 0,46 m² was placed in a sealed exposure chamber with a volume of 0,7 m³. As a model source of pollution, 10% formaldehyde was used, for three days daily sprayed in chamber in the form of an aerosol at a concentration that 2,5-fold exceeded a maximum permissible one. Immediately after spraying, air samples were taken for an hour and a half. A similar chamber without a plant was used as control. Within an hour and a half after spraying, the concentration of formaldehyde in the chamber with plant significantly decreased compared to the control chamber. The rate of absorption of formaldehyde by the plant was the highest on the first day of the experiment. The results obtained show that the Chlorophytum comosum plant is able to effectively absorb formaldehyde from indoor air, up to regulated levels. However, prolonged exposure to formaldehyde leads to a decrease in the absorption capacity, without affecting the viability of the plant itself. Chlorophytum comosum can be recommended for improving the indoor air environment.

The paper summarizes the results of a long-term introduction study of plants of golden boletus in the collection of medicinal plants of the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The primary introduction of the species into new growing conditions became possible only by transferring living plants to cultivation from the places of natural growth of the Tomsk Region, followed by propagation of plants from seeds of their own reproductions. The optimal methods of seed propagation of this species in the conditions of the North were revealed: winter sowing with freshly harvested seeds and self-sowing of seeds with further transplantation of emerging seedlings to a new plot with a feeding area of 30 × 30 cm golden is distinguished by high survival rate, winter hardiness and stability in the coenosis. The mass transition of plants into the generative period occurred in the second – third year of life. The phenology and dynamics of plant growth have been studied. The rhythm of the seasonal development of plants in. golden in culture in the North corresponds to the new soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. The growing season is 96–100 days. Golden boletus regularly forms full-fledged seeds, which, after undergoing natural stratification under snow cover, germinate in the spring and give a large self-sowing. Real seed productivity (the number of mature full-fledged seeds) in plants c. golden of different ages varies over the years from 420 to 570 seeds per shoot. The morphobiological signs of the generative shoot were studied in culture and the amplitude of their variability was determined. High and very high levels of individual variability of signs of the floral zone of the shoot indicate the possibility of targeted selection of more productive individuals within the population. For the first time, data on the content of proteins and its amino acid composition in plants are presented. The mass fraction of nitrogen (in terms of crude protein) in the aboveground phytomass was 1,5–1,8%. In proteins from aboveground phytomass, 17 amino acids were identified, including 7 essential ones (threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine). The proportion of essential amino acids averaged 39% of the total. The highest rates were noted for amino acids: glutamic, aspartic, leucine, lysine, alanine and valine – 13,1, 10,7, 9,2, 8,1, 6,7 and 6,2% respectively.

The article is about complete publication of ceramic inventory from the Neolithic site in the North Caspian Sea region. It has become eponymous for identifying the late Neolithic of the area of interest. On the Tenteksor I several objects which were interpretated as dwellings or utility pits were researched. But the first article about this complex has summary character without analyzing inventory for individual objects. So, the purpose of the publication is a detailed description of the ceramics inventory for each object. The authors conclude that all three objects are dwellings despite on different size. We can interpretate their features as seasonality. In each house were founded collapses, sets of vessels, single fragments of dishes. Their deep distribution in each object is traced. Ceramics has similar characteristics of making technology, shapes, methods of applying patterns and ornamental compositions. These features are inherent in the Tenteksor type of late Neolithic of the North Caspian Sea. At the same time, the vessels have its own features in each object. It can be explained by chronological differences in the research materials. Radiocarbon dates indicate this.

The article analyzes a document testifying to the last moments of the Duke of Monmouth’s life. The eldest illegitimate son of Charles II, Monmouth rebelled against his Catholic uncle James II. The rebel militias were defeated by the royal regular army and the Duke was captured. The defeated bastard of royal blood tried to save his life by begging forgiveness from the king, but was executed. Government propaganda used the plot of the duke’s execution, showing him as a weak and weak-willed traitor. The text of the article analyzes a pamphlet describing the various stages of preparation for the execution of the duke. The pamphlet shows Monmouth’s behavior before his death. His dialogue with the priests is given. The attempt of the royal power to force Monmouth to repent is shown. The documents included in the appendix are also being examined – the duke’s letters to King James and his declaration, in which the rebel is blamed before the Crown. The Duke of Monmouth was the last rebel of royal blood in the history of England to claim the throne of the Three Kingdoms. It is concluded that the rebellious duke has no support from the general population and the popularity of his business. The importance of mass media in early Modern England is shown.

The paper shows the role of Orenburg civil governor Egor Ivanovich Baranovsky in the assessment of Joseph Pavlovich Krechetovich. The work is based on the analysis of I.P. Krechetovich’s monograph «Peasant reform in the Orenburg Region (reform preparation)», in which various aspects related to the preparation of the reform of the abolition of serfdom in the Orenburg province are considered in detail, and the characteristics of the personalities who influenced its course are given. One of these people was the Orenburg civil governor – E.I. Baranovsky, whose activities were aimed at facilitating the life of landowners and factory peasants. The paper presents brief biographical information of I.P. Krechetovich. The biography of E.I. Baranovsky before his arrival in the Orenburg Region is considered. The characteristic of his activity in leadership positions in the Orenburg province is given. The author draws attention to the role of E.I. Baranovsky in eliminating peasant unrest on the territory of the region. A brief description of the provincial committees is given. The influence that the civil governor exerted on the course of meetings of the Orenburg provincial Committee is considered. The author summarizes the historical examples presented in the monograph of I.P. Krechetovich, which testify to E.I. Baranovsky as a far-sighted politician who was not indifferent to the fate of the region entrusted to him.

In the Soviet, post-Soviet and modern Russian historiography of the beginning of the 21^st century, it was established that the system of party and political work successfully functioned in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War (22.06.1941–09.05.1945). Its integral element was (albeit with a relative degree of independence) cultural and educational work. Moreover, in the Soviet historical science, their research was held in the category of priority, which cannot be said about the post-Soviet historiography. The author of the paper has made an attempt to consider the history of studying the problem of cultural and educational work in the Soviet historical science during the Great Patriotic War, figuratively speaking, in hot pursuit. In the coverage of the topic indicated in the title of this paper, the following circumstances are fully taken into account: the conditions for the performance of the first works, determined by the emerging military-political situation, and the process of restructuring of the Soviet historical science during the war; a small number of historiographical and historical sources that were published in the chronological framework indicated above; the absence of works that would correspond strictly to academic canons, the presence of a certain chronicle on them on the subject of the feat of the Soviet people in the fight against Nazi Germany and its satellites; the absence of a proper historiographical understanding of our topic. The paper is made from the standpoint of modern theoretical and methodological approaches, in the key of a lapidary historiographical review (with small elements of conciseness). Consequently, there are no copyright claims to the completeness of the coverage of the problem.

The article is devoted to the life and work of the Honorary Rector of Samara State Pedagogical University Anatoly Alekseevich Semashkin. The way of his professional formation is shown: from an assistant at the Department of History of the CPSU to the dean of the Faculty of Public Professions of the Kuybyshev State Polytechnical Institute, head of the Department of History of the CPSU and Political Economy, secretary of the Party Committee of the CPSU in Kuybyshev State Institute of Railway Engineers and rector of the Kuybyshev State Pedagogical Institute. The research work of A.A. Semashkin is considered. The article analyzes his policy as rector for the development of Kuybyshev State Pedagogical Institute in the leading pedagogical university of the country (1984–2000). The business and personal qualities of Anatoly Alekseevich Semashkin, his pedagogical principles, personnel, social and youth policy, the system of patriotic education and the formation of the principles of selfgovernment in the labor collective are highlighted. The work of Semashkin by the Kuybyshev/Samara regional branch of the Soviet/Russian Children’s Fund is shown. Semashkin’s contribution to the development of the pedagogical cluster of the Samara Region, to the preservation and modernization of the system of higher educational institutions of the region is reflected. The clash of the traditional model of domestic education with pro Western scholasticism is reflected. The work has been prepared on the basis of generalization and analysis of a wide range of sources.

Currently, the problem of teaching foreign citizens in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation is relevant. There is an urgent need to choose the most rational and adequate forms, technologies, pedagogical tools and methods of teaching students from other countries. In this regard, it is important to comprehensively consider, develop and implement teaching methods that ensure the active and effective involvement of foreign students in the educational process of a Russian university. The problem of providing a teacher of a particular course with accelerated adaptation of foreign students to a new educational environment and the elimination of information, motivational and sociocultural barriers in the development of all necessary competencies comes to the fore. The paper focuses on the problem of designing an effective model for teaching higher mathematics to foreign students based on the interaction of traditional and innovative educational techniques and technologies. Specific possible ways of solving the problems posed are considered on the example of teaching mathematical courses to students majoring in 10.05.02 «Information security of telecommunication systems» at Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, 10.05.03 «Information security of automated systems» at Samara National Research University and 44.03.05 «Pedagogical education» (Mathematics and Physics) at Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education.

Changing paradigms of higher education formulate challenges to educational systems in terms of changes in structural elements, their content, technologies and methods of implementation. The genesis of the design and existence of educational systems is the methodological basis (principles, approaches, conditions). To improve the effectiveness of the educational system of training specialists in technosphere safety it is necessary to substantiate the methodological approaches as the basis of system design. Taking into account the professional tasks in the field of technosphere safety the selection of the system of methodological approaches, principles and methods is carried out. The expert assessment of methodological applicability of these methods for the design of structural elements of the system was carried out. As structural elements of the educational system in the field of technosphere safety the following were chosen: theoretical basis of the program implementation, specialist model, educational content, methods and technologies of implementation, monitoring of the educational system. Taking into account the peculiarities in the content of the technosphere safety system, as well as professional tasks of a specialist, the following methodological approaches are presented as the main approaches: system, anthropological, axiological, cultural, risk-oriented, normative, reflexive, process, inversological approaches. The model of formation of the educational system includes: the model of a specialist, the content of education, methods and technologies of realization, monitoring of the educational system, the system’s stakeholders. The proposed methodological approaches are described in terms of applicability to a specific educational system, taking into account the features of theoretical and applied aspect. The proposed format of the technosphere safety training system allows to systematize the process of designing the content of elements and provides a logically determined progressive nature of work. Each element of the system has a set of key concepts describing the content of the element.

The article focuses on problem-based learning as one of the means of raising motivation of university students mastering English. It is highlighted that dealing with non-linguistic university students motivation is achieved when we refer to the topics relevant and challenging for their future profession. It is problem-based learning, treated as independent search activity of the students aiming at cognitive activity and strong motivation, that gives great opportunities to solve the problem under discussion. The main notions of problem-based learning, such as its distinctive features, functions and advantages, are further discussed. Realization of problem-based learning is exemplified on the method of projects used when teaching English to students majoring in «Applied information in electronic economy». Based on the unit «Job Interviews and Career» from «The Business 2.0» there was worked out an algorithm of project activity including preparation, organization and putting the project to action, role-play, evaluation of the results. Each of the stages contains the description of the students’ activity targeting at raising their cognitive function and motivation. In conclusion it is stated that method of projects as one of the technologies of problem-based learning is a relevant instrument in forming motivation to learn a foreign language in a non-linguistic university.

The article actualizes the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system in the correction of a person serving a sentence for illegal actions. The role of the ethical responsibility of an employee of the penal system in inclusion in a system of relations where moral requirements-models prevail over requirements-prohibitions is substantiated. An interpretation of the concept of «ethical responsibility of a cadet of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia» is proposed. The necessity of using the scientific approach as a multi-level toolkit for the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is proved. The possibility of using a departmental university as a scientific approach to the formation of ethical responsibility of cadets of the contextual approach in the educational process is substantiated. Theoretical aspects of contextual education are revealed, which served as a source of a contextual approach to solving various problems in the field of vocational education. It is argued that within the framework of the problem of formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets, it is necessary to refer to the ethical context of the professional activity of an employee of the penal system, as a system of internal and external conditions for the actions and actions of an employee in a specific situation that arises in official activities, determined by (the system of) ethical standards governing the official activities of an employee penitentiary system. The purpose of the contextual approach to the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is substantiated, which consists in the fact that the contextual approach in the educational process of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia ensures the creation of an ethical context for the professional activities of a penitentiary officer.

This article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of vocal and pedagogical culture among future music teachers in the higher education system in China. Modern requirements for the professional training of future music teachers and their musical and pedagogical culture, including a vocal and pedagogical component, raise the need to modernize the higher education system. The article presents a study of the structure of the vocal and pedagogical culture of a music teacher, which includes four components: axiological, theoretical, technological and creative. The article defines the essential characteristics of experimental, practical, linguistic and research methods for the formation of vocal and pedagogical culture among future music teachers. The analysis of teaching methods allows us to conclude that at present the system of higher music and pedagogical education in China is undergoing serious changes, moving away from the traditional approach to interactive, from theoretical education to practical, and also shifting its focus from focusing on results to focusing on the quality of education. All this suggests that the vocal and pedagogical culture of a music teacher is becoming an increasingly important component of the professional training of future music teachers in China. New methods and approaches to teaching, such as interactive techniques and the active use of practical skills, help students to better understand and assimilate the material, as well as improve the quality of their musical and pedagogical culture. The development of the vocal and pedagogical culture of a music teacher in China is an important area of modernization of the higher education system in the country.

The paper explores the possibilities of humor as one of the pedagogical techniques that form a positive attitude of students towards the teachers working with them and thus contribute to the implementation of successful learning activities. An empirical study has been carried out, which consists in studying the perception of students of their mentors depending on their speech behavior, including the use of humorous techniques. The results showed that teachers who skillfully operate with humorous discourse in the educational process and in extracurricular communication evoke a positive attitude among students towards themselves and, accordingly, towards the discipline being taught. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the effectiveness of the activity of a teacher of a technical university is considered, depending on his or her possession of humorous skills. It’s the first time students majoring in engineering have become participants in the survey on this topic. The practical significance is due to the possibility of using the results of the study in educational activities in order to create a positive educational environment, motivate students with emotionally presented material to facilitate its understanding and memorization. Research methods: description, analysis, systematization, generalization of theoretical material, an experiment to study the attitude of students to students who use humor as a pedagogical technique in teaching. The findings are significant for school and university teachers, researchers involved in the search for innovative tools in teaching.

The paper is devoted to the study of issues related to the professional training of a foreign language teacher in the context of the transformation of pedagogical education. The idea of ensuring the outstripping rates of development of the pedagogical education system is substantiated. As a result of theoretical understanding of the problem, one of the solutions associated with the unification of education, science and high technologies and representing an innovative educational space of the technopark has been identified. The paper presents arguments in favor of the use of modern pedagogical technoparks: unified approaches to the subject, methodological and psychological-pedagogical training of teachers, improving the infrastructure of pedagogical universities, changing the forms of interaction between teachers and students. The author focuses on the importance of universal competencies development among prospective teachers, which are fundamental in pedagogical activity and in demand by employers. Special attention is paid to the potential of modern sites of the pedagogical technopark – a universal pedagogical IT cluster, a media laboratory, an audience for conducting a professional (demonstration) exam for universal competencies development. Practice-oriented tasks created using technopark equipment contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills, analysis of information, search for optimal ways to solve problems, teamwork and development of business communication in a foreign language. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the active use of technological resources in the modern educational space of the pedagogical university allows to develop universal competencies of prospective foreign language teachers and design new learning technologies.

The article is devoted to the problems of integration processes and the implementation of integration in the space of the Russian Federation by organizing joint activities in the educational sphere. The means of implementing the integration function are University profile educational sessions (University sessions). To determine and describe the basic principles of the indicated function, the authors analyze studies devoted to the retrospective of the analyzed process, modern integration experience, the specifics of the implementation of the integration function in a specific form of organization. The basic principles formulated by the authors are distributed according to the components of the pedagogical process: targeted, meaningful, procedural assessment. The target component for university sessions defines the principles concerning the unification of the university staff and university sessions participants for joint activities, the focus of university sessions on education, the multicultural educational space of university sessions, qualitative and quantitative planning of sessions results. The content component defines principles regarding the inclusion of variable and invariant parts of the program, dynamic and adaptive content. The procedural component defines the principles of joint activities in group and individual formats, ensuring equal opportunities for all participants, the choice of methods, forms and means of joint activities that reflect the best experience of domestic education. The evaluation component involves the systemic use of diagnostic tools, the implementation of constant monitoring. Based on the analysis, the concept of the integration function of the University session at the university is also formulated.

The study deals with the development and design of the foreign language education program aimed for postgraduates getting a Master of Law Degree at Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia. The research is needed to build relationships across courses while creating and implementing educational programs. The paper analyzes the concepts «interdisciplinarity», «interdisciplinary education» by researchers of national pedagogical science and foreign researchers. It also highlights the characteristics of interdisciplinary education, develops the structure of an interdisciplinary approach to learning a foreign language, and describes the elements of educational and methodological support of the course. It shows the process of the syllabus development as well as the coursebook creation and conducts a questionnaire. The study has shown that an interdisciplinary approach to teaching a foreign language is carried out through the reliance of a foreign language on specialized courses in order to establish significant, from students’ point of view, links between courses to develop foreign language communicative competence as well as improve professional knowledge through language, particularly, the ability to find, understand, synthesize and use knowledge of specialized courses through English and in English, expanding the professional and personal worldview.

This paper is devoted to the study of innovations in the modern education system, as well as their application in the process of teaching a foreign language. The paper discusses the concept of «innovation in education», it is noted that innovation contributes to improving the quality of education. The most relevant is the use of an interactive approach in the process of teaching a foreign language. The hypothesis is that the effectiveness of teaching foreign languages will increase if it is based on an interactive approach. Interactive training helps to ensure the readiness of university graduates for foreign-language professional communication. Interactive learning is understood as a mutual learning process that takes place through a dialogue of participants in the educational process. During this cognitive process, there is an exchange of information, discussion and resolution of the problem, as well as various educational situations are modeled. The paper describes in detail such an interactive technique as an «ideological carousel»; it also gives an assessment of the use of role-playing and business games. The educational value of the game is quite high. With the help of the game, it becomes possible to learn the language in an interesting way, the speech-thinking activity of students is activated, students test various behavioral models that are characteristic of subsequent pedagogical activity.

The article is devoted to the organization of schoolchildren’s education in a digital educational environment and the achievement of subject educational results by them, the main mechanism of which is pedagogical support. The article provides an analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature in the field of defining and substantiating the content of pedagogical support. The main ideas and approaches of domestic scientists to the problem of pedagogical support are considered, its structure is considered, the content of pedagogical support is substantiated in solving learning problems in the context of digitalization of education. Under the pedagogical support for the achievement of subject educational results by schoolchildren in a digital educational environment, the authors understand the totality of resources and conditions aimed at enhancing the cognitive activity of students to ensure the effectiveness of the educational process. The authors include digital educational and methodological support, hardware, software, learning management systems; to the conditions – the readiness of the teacher to create a digital educational environment in the subject and work in it, a set of didactic conditions that contribute to the achievement of subject educational results by schoolchildren in a digital educational environment. As a result, the authors propose a theoretically substantiated content of pedagogical support for the process of achieving subject educational results by schoolchildren in a digital educational environment.