Samara Journal of Science

This article presents the results of studies of the toxicity of a corrosion inhibitor used to treat oilfield equipment in relation to a representative of submerged aquatic plants – Elodea canadensis. The characteristics of the toxicant and research methods are given in detail. The method of mathematical processing is indicated. The work presents the results of studying the toxicity of the substance in a wide range of concentrations: from 100 to 5000 mg/dm³ (4 days – acute experience) and 0,05–500,0 mg/dm³ (30 days – chronic experience). During the experiment, changes in the condition and survival of plants, morphological indicators (growth of the main shoot, number of lateral shoots and their length, number of roots and their length, total growth of elodea) were observed. It has been established that the maximum amounts of the substance (5000 and 500 mg/dm³ – acute and chronic experiments, respectively) cause 100% plant death. Lower concentration ranges stimulate morphological parameters. According to the research results, 0,5 mg/l can be taken as a threshold concentration for an inhibitor, and 0,05 mg/l is acceptable.

The article shows that the method of recycling liquid and solid organic substances obtained as a by-product during the production of biogas from organic waste and composting organic waste with the addition of liquid organic matter in the agroecosystem on ordinary chernozem in the Orenburg Oblast is effective. The standards for the application of liquid and solid organic substances were studied using an indicator culture. Data on the net primary productivity of the agroecosystem are presented. It was found that the reaction of the agroecosystem is more effective in the variant with liquid organic substances. Net primary productivity using the example of potatoes with a rate of application of liquid organic matter of 8 t/ha is 36,97% higher than with the background and application of solid organic matter, and amounted to 22,6 t/ha. They showed that the established standards for the utilization of liquid organic substances are 10 t/ha and solid organic substances are 5 t/ha.

The study of the shrub status in the South-East of the European Russia is relevant due to the need to maintain the necessary material for protective afforestation. The study of their cover plant communities provides valuable information about the ecological aspects of the introduction and successful adaptation of shrubs in a place of mass planting. The aim of the study was to assess the condition of Caragana arborescens, imported from Eastern Siberia and planted in the arid territories of the Volgograd Oblast, as well as the ecological characteristics of its cover herbaceous plant communities. In the study area we selected two groups of plants, those growing on ordinary soil and on soil with a high content of salts, zinc, and a low content of manganese. In the latter case, C. arborescens had a relatively smaller size, a rarer crown, a reduced ability to generate shoots and resistance to diseases and pests. C. arborescens are sensitive to the anthropogenic stress, but within the analyzed territory this is not accompanied by progressive succession of the ecosystem. Under the crown of C. arborescens at various sites and sites, we found in various phenophases from 8–10 to 24 species of higher sapiens with a predominance of one- and two-year-old forms. Nine species have consistently claimed the role of dominant and subdominant of plant communities, most often representatives of the Asteraceae and Mareaceae families. The discovered communities showed clear signs of anthropogenic impact, but without the development of progressive ecosystem succession.

The paper considers the issues of factorial ecology concerning the mechanisms of influence of physical factors, in particular, an alternating magnetic field with different characteristics, on plant objects. The obtained biological effects on Zea mays L. seeds depend to a greater extent on the shape of the applied signal. It is assumed that physiological responses are associated with a change in pH, the release of proteins, and also with the barrier function of plant seed membranes. The obtained schemes for processing sugar corn with an alternating magnetic field, taking into account ontogenesis and morphometry, are further recommended to be used in the field as a method of presowing treatment of agricultural crops: B = 1 mT, f = 20 Hz, t = 60 min, sinusoid signal type; B = 1 mT, f = 50 Hz, t = 60 min, sinusoid signal type; B = 1 mT, f = 30 Hz, t = 60 min, meander signal type; B = 1 mT, f = 50 Hz, t = 60 min, meander signal type; B = 1 mT, f = 20 Hz, t = 60 min, meander signal type.

The article considers the evaluation of sustainability of natural complexes of low-mountain sections of the western slope of the Southern Urals (Minyarsk physical and geographical area) on the basis of analysis of landscape profiles on the indicator of sustainability of natural complexes. Peculiarities of the study area are highlighted: specific climatic conditions, complex geological and geomorphological conditions with ongoing industrial development, as well as a variety of soil and hydrological conditions combined with anthropogenic transformation of the territory. In the course of landscape profiling, as well as the application of methods of assessment of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes (at the level of the terrain), a decrease of diversity in natural complexes on the studied slopes was established, Replacement of typical plant communities by secondary successional communities in lowland areas dominated by horsetail. It has also been established that the aggregate of conditions in natural complexes indicates anthropogenic transformation of slope landscapes, the aggregate leading factor of which is the geochemical position on the element of the slope, Low resistance to external influence of the soil with a rinsing type of water regime defining plant associations. The obtained materials can be used as a basis for analysis of ecological condition of landscapes of the western slope of the Southern Urals, as well as characteristics of slope types of locations. Materials allow to further assess the recreational attractiveness of landscapes and the choice of ways of natural use of the studied area.

The content of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and cobalt in plant samples from the vicinity of the Severny dump of the Chadansky coal mine in the Republic of Tuva was studied. Heavy metals in plant samples were determined by the Quantum-2mt atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Due to the extra-arid conditions, the studied area belongs to the zone of risky agriculture and there is developed cattle breeding. It was revealed that vegetation typical for steppe communities is developed on the territory of the Chadan coal deposit, represented by wormwood-cereal, grass-grass-wormwood, grass-wormwood-kovyl, wormwood-grass-grass steppes. In the dumps, deposits of different ages with small-scale, wormwood-cereal communities with typically steppe species are developed. For lead, cadmium and cobalt, the concentrations in vegetation samples from the CER and SWZ sites adjacent to the dump turned out to be close to their background values. The Cu content in the vegetation of the dump sites exceeds the natural content by 2–2,2 times, Zn – 2–2,7 times, Pb – 1,5 times. However, a comparison of the content of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Co in vegetation from 2 sites of the Severny dump and the background territory with MDU for plant feeds showed that their concentrations in the studied samples are much lower than the maximum permissible level.

The article summarizes the results of many years of studying Leonurus cardiaca L. under cultural conditions in the North. It was revealed that in the first year of life, with the seedling method of cultivation, motherwort plants are in the pregenerative period. The transition of individuals into the generative period is noted in the second year of life. The winter hardiness and stability of plants in agrocoenosis is quite high. Under cultural conditions, specimens of L. cardiaca plants of different geographical origins retained the rhythms of seasonal development characteristic of this species. It was revealed that plants of L. cardiaca are characterized by extended periods of flowering (38–44 days) and fruiting (35–40 days). The growing season from the beginning of regrowth to seed collection was 127–132 days. In the years studied, different samples of L. cardiaca formed mature seeds weighing 1000 pcs. seeds 0,86–1,03 g and laboratory germination of 55–91%, which meets the requirements for the quality of seed material of this type. L. cardiaca plants reached their maximum development in the third to fifth years of life, being in a middle-aged generative ontogenetic state: plant height 98–166 cm, shoot-forming capacity – 18–22 pcs. per individual, inflorescence length 26–36 cm, raw material of the main shoot 7,2–8,6 g of wet and 2,1–2,9 g of air-dried phytomass. For the first time the mass fraction of nitrogen (2,4–2,9%) and the amino acid composition of proteins were determined in the above-ground raw phytomass of L. cardiaca. 17 amino acids were quantified, including seven essential ones (39,4% of the total). The highest content in plants was observed for amino acids: glutamic (12,5%), aspartic (11,6%), leucine (9,9%), lysine (8,3%), alanine (6,6%), valine (6,6%) and arginine (5,8%).

Among the woody plants preserved and studied in the arboretum of the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for nine years (2013–2021) include representatives of the polymorphic genus Cotoneaster of different geographical origins. As a result of generalization and analysis of data on biomorphology, characteristics of the generative period, dynamics of seasonal growth and development, winter hardiness of plants of species of the genus Cotoneaster introduced in the North, based on an assessment of the main indicators of viability, the studied plants were divided into groups of prospects for cultivation in the northern region. Plants of Eurasian origin C. melanocarpus and C. integerrimus, which undergo a full cycle of seasonal development, are characterized by high winter hardiness, form full-fledged seeds and retain their vital form under introduction conditions, are classified in Group I as quite promising. The East Asian species C. dammeri, C. horizontalis are assigned to the II group of promising plants and C. ascendens to the III group of unpromising plants. These introduced species were characterized by an extended period of growth and development, late completion of the growing season, low winter hardiness, but good shoot recovery ability after winter damage. C. bullatus turned out to be an unpromising species (group V) with low winter hardiness, and therefore the impossibility of transition to the generative period of development. Additional study of this decorative species with the involvement of other specimens is necessary. Based on the data obtained, species such as C. melanocarpus, C. integerrimus, C. dammeri and C. horizontalis can be recommended for cultivation and use in landscaping in some areas of the Komi Republic.

The study of the morphological state of target organs of outbred (nonlinear) laboratory mice ICR (CD-1), which were under prolonged dynamic influence of physical and chemical factors of the production environment under model conditions, is of wide research interest, as it allows to assess the impact of these factors at the tissue and cellular level and to identify the presence of pathological changes in relation to the group control that was not exposed to the studied factors of the production environment during the 90-day experiment, which has clinical and practical significance. When assessing the 90-day dynamics (from 0 days – 6 months (background) to 30–60–90 days – 7–8–9 months) of the impact of environmental factors on the morphological state of tissues and organs of outbred (nonlinear) laboratory mice ICR (CD-1), generally accepted and unified methods were used. Animals (weighing 45–50 gr., sexually mature age – 6 months) were divided into 3 experimental groups (vibration exposure, noise exposure, chemical exposure) of 30 individuals each (15 females and 15 males) and 1 control group (15 females and 15 males), kept in standard comfortable conditions, and not exposed to the factors of the production environment. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the rules adopted by the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986), after approval by the Ethical commission of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor. Statistical processing of the research materials was carried out using standard Statistica 10.0 application programs. The morphological analysis of the target organs of experimental animals revealed the presence of a complex of pathological changes in the 90-day dynamics of the impact of factors of the production environment, compared with the morphological state of the organs in the control group. The results obtained have clinical and practical significance, as they allow us to justify preventive measures aimed at preventing the negative impact of long-term production factors on the labor contingent. Further study of the morphological state of target organs of ICR laboratory mice exposed to prolonged dynamic exposure to physical and chemical factors of the production environment under model conditions will contribute to the establishment of mechanisms for the development of occupational diseases and the development of scientifically based medical and hygienic measures aimed at preserving the health of the labor contingent in the management of labor longevity.

The article presents the results of studies of zooplankton and macrozoobenthos of small reservoirs on the territory of the State Natural Reserve «Kologrivsky Les» named after M.G. Sinitsyn. The hydrochemical and hydrophysical parameters of small reservoirs are given. In summer, the highest biomass and abundance of zooplankton were observed for long-existing beaver ponds on streams. In autumn, among the studied small reservoirs, the highest biomass and abundance of zooplankton are characteristic of oxbow lakes. The highest biomass of benthos was noted in oxbow lakes, and its abundance was found in beaver ponds. An analysis of the ecological groups of zooplankton and benthos by type of nutrition was carried out. In autumn, the composition of zooplankton was marked by a predominance of vertical feeders and primary filter feeders in beaver ponds, primary filter feeders and predatory forms in ditches, primary filter feeders and vertical feeders in oxbow lakes, and secondary filter feeders, scrapers, detritivores and stand feeders in hollows in wetlands. The benthos of beaver ponds and oxbow lakes contains all six ecological groups of benthos based on feeding type. There are no collectors, obligate filter feeders or active predators in the ditches. Only soil ingesters were noted in the hollows. A number of indices have been calculated to characterize the structure of zooplankton.

The 17th century is a century that preserved in the memory of the history of Russian culture vivid monuments, the authors of which were innovative masters, artists, and creators. This article examines the creative life in the historiography of the 17th century icon painter, student of Bogdan Saltanov – Karp Ivanovich Zolotarev, a court master during the reign of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich and the regency of Princess Sophia. Biography of K.I. Zolotarev is presented in the historiography of researchers, historians, restorers in chronology from the 18th century. Only in the late 1970s, thanks to the work of Soviet restorers, were works created by K.I. Zolotarev. Before this, only brief mentions of this multifaceted master were found in historical literature. Part of the research confirms that in a number of works the name of K.I. Zolotarev is listed among the artists of the Armory Chamber and the Gold-Painting Workshop of the Ambassadorial Prikaz. In addition, researchers of Russian book culture spoke about K.I. Zolotarev as a major organizer who headed the workshop of the above-mentioned order. The research made it possible to summarize all the materials about the master and identify the stylistic features of this master, suggesting that the iconographic sources of the works of K.I. Zolotarev could have been works by Dutch and German artists. Biography of K.I. Zolotarev still needs further study and clarification today.

During the famine of 1921–1923, which engulfed vast territories of the country, there was such a phenomenon as the mass evacuation of people from the affected areas to relatively prosperous provinces in terms of food. The evacuation was both spontaneous and centralized. The authorities, through the structures of the Central Commission for the Evacuation of the Population, took out from the starving areas, first of all, children, as well as skilled workers with their families. The entire course of the evacuation was fraught with a large number of problems and difficulties that arose as the situation in the starving provinces worsened and required an immediate solution. The central and local authorities responsible for the evacuation of the population had to constantly change their strategy and tactics. The main burden of the evacuation campaign fell on the line departments of the Central Evacuation Commission. The article gradually traces the change in the strategy of centralized evacuation of the population from the starving provinces and, incidentally, discusses the specifics of the work of the Eastern Basic Administration and the linear points of the Central Commission for the Evacuation of the Population. The article widely uses materials from such a little-studied source as the verbatim report of the meeting of evacuation workers of the Eastern Base Department on March 21–23, 1922.

The article contents an analysis of the French experience of anti-colonial struggle in the era of Interbellum in the Indochina region. Special attention is devoted to the degree and speed of the response of the French colonial administration and the metropolis to the events taking place. The article presents the characteristics of French military thought regarding the specifics of conducting combat operations against the rebels using aviation and native units. Attention is focused on the problem of the loyalty of the Vietnamese people, their attitude to French rule. The main fears of the French in connection with the growth of Vietnamese national identity as a threat to the colonial order are revealed. The importance of the events in Yen Bai is emphasized from the point of view of further measures by Paris to ensure internal security in the Indochina region. The changes in the national composition of the French colonial army in Indochina are shown. The uprising affected not only the army, but also the political police of France – «Sûreté». The work shows that the uprising did not receive universal support from the local population. The reaction of a part of French society to the events in Yen Bai is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the personality of Pierre Pasquier, Governor-General of Indochina, who personified the conservative part of the French colonial bureaucracy, whose attitude towards local peoples in the Interbellum era rather complicated relations between the metropolis and dependent territories. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the impact of the events in Yen Bai on changes in both the composition and leadership of the driving political force of the revolutionary struggle in Indochina. It was at this time that the National Party of Vietnam lost its leading position in the vanguard of the anti-colonial struggle to the Communist Party of Indochina.

The very difficult geopolitical situation of recent years has once again confirmed the need for our state to focus on its internal and self-sufficient development in its development. The story of the coronavirus pandemic that swept the whole world has shown a fairly high level of domestic virology, and microbiology in general. But, undoubtedly, we are still far from the Soviet level of science development today. In this regard, it seems advisable to pay attention to the generalization of the Soviet experience in the development of biomedical sciences. We have made an attempt to analyze the development of Soviet microbiology through an analysis of the scientific and organizational activities of the domestic scientist, Academician of Medicine Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva, carried out by her at the Department of Microbiology of the Central Institute of Advanced Medical Training in the first half of the 1970s. The source base of the publication was unpublished documents of the federal archives (the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation and the Russian State Archive of Economics), most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article examines the scientific activity of Z.V. Ermolyeva herself, as well as those research areas that were developed by teachers and research staff of the department headed by her.

The article examines representational practices and mechanisms for the formation of visual images of Chuvash ethnicity in cyberspace. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms and methods of representing ethnicity, mechanisms and means of forming a visual ethnic image of the Chuvash in virtual space using the example of the social networks Odnoklassniki and VKontakte. The research is based on the study of visual content (posts, comments on them, discussions) in groups and on personal pages, materials from a mass survey of users of these social networks. The result of the study was a detailed description of the features of the formation and transmission of visual images of Chuvash ethnicity: visual sources, methods of visualization, functions and demand for visual content. The study showed that the visualization of the ethnic image of the Chuvash in cyberspace occurs through the symbolization of plots of ethnic history, elements of material and spiritual culture, through the use in the process of forming an ethnic image of fairy-tale, mythological, literary and real characters and pages of history, popular forms of representation of folk traditions – costume, national cuisine, holidays and rituals. Visual content is represented by photo and video materials, films, computer graphics, and animation. Visualization of ethnic content contributes to the stereotyping of the features of an ethnic image, acts as a means of constructing an ethnic image, a way of expressing belonging to an ethnic community, transmitting knowledge about the history of the traditional culture of the people, intra-ethnic communication, exchanging information between network users and their integration into the virtual space.

The article analyzes the program documents regulating functioning of the education system of Tanzania, examines the socio-economic factors affecting its development, analyzes the language policy, as well as the state policy of the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania in the field of education, which is considered to be a strategic factor in the transformation of mentality and the creation of a well-educated nation, sufficiently possessing the knowledge necessary for competent and competitive solutions to the challenges facing the country. The authors identify objectives of the education system of Tanzania, aimed at promoting universal access to quality basic education, including preschool, primary and secondary education; eradication of illiteracy; dissemination of high-quality higher education, providing training of highly qualified personnel necessary for the effective development of all sectors of the economy. The problems faced by the education system of Tanzania, the ways to solve them and the prospects for development are determined. The activities of the Representative Office of the Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation, which is the coordinator of the promotion of the Russian language and culture in Tanzania, are described in detail. The factors influencing the demand for the Russian language, increasing motivation to study it and the demand for Russian education in general among the youth of Tanzania, as well as the formation of a positive image of Russia in the minds of Tanzanians, are identified. The conditions, «deficits» and potential «growth points» of the promotion of the Russian language in the education system of Tanzania are determined. The article presents the results of the survey conducted during the official visit of the delegation of the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education to Tanzania, which determined the future prospects of the study, which will result in designing a modular training program for teachers of Russian as a foreign language for educational organizations of the United Republic of Tanzania in the system of Russian teacher training education, including a Russian as a foreign language course at a preparatory department, bachelor’s and master’s degree programs and advanced training for teachers of Russian as a foreign language.

The training of specialists for industrial areas and individual industries implies the availability of professional competencies that allow them to perform functional duties efficiently and efficiently. The specifics of professional activity can be expressed by a list of competencies that describe the field of tasks of specialists, their knowledge, skills, competencies, requirements for a specialist, both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and personal components necessary for the performance of duties. Is it possible today to talk about a certain set of competencies for a particular profession or activity? There are various types of descriptions of professional activities of specialists: job descriptions, qualification reference books, professional standards, models of specialists, occupational descriptions, professional or qualification structures. Such a variety of formats for describing a profession, type of activity implies their different content, depending on the goals, design tasks, expected result of the project, characteristics of the employee’s activity, data necessary for accounting and control of the result. The purpose of the professionograms is to describe the necessary and sufficient competencies for a particular specialist. Such a description becomes a roadmap for obtaining professional education, for activities, for professional retraining and certification of a specialist. The methodology of designing professionograms is based on an algorithmic approach that allows describing the universal process of developing a professionogram for a specific field of activity.

This article analyzes a complex set of personnel training problems for the digital economy. The authors note that the mechanical increase in budget places in the system of higher and secondary vocational education is not enough to provide the IT segment of the labor market in Russia, which is related both to the quality of training of specialists and to the career expectations of graduates. The author’s definition of the student’s career and educational trajectory is given. As one of the possible solutions, an integrative-micromodular approach is proposed, the key element of which is the cooperation of the student, the university and potential employers in designing and implementing an effective career and educational trajectory for each student. The authors note significant differences in the goals, resources and strategies of federal, national and regional universities, while focusing on the latter. Using the example of bachelor’s degree training in the field of Applied Informatics 09.03.03, the issues of work and part-time work of students during the study period, the influence of this factor on the career and educational trajectory are analyzed in depth. Examples of the implementation of micromodules «career stage» in the disciplines of «Programming», «Databases», «Information Systems Design», «Software Engineering», «Data Analysis», «Cloud services», «Web programming» are considered. The strategy of using psychosemantics methods for recognizing and clarifying the image of a future profession, professional self-reflection and, possibly, professional trials is described.

The article is devoted to the problem of natural science education of pedagogical university students in the context of the transition of fundamental science to a new paradigm. The article substantiates the key role of natural science education in the formation of the worldview of humanities students and the scientific style of thinking. The article presents the main provisions of the post-non-classical worldview, highlights the main differences between the non-classical and post-non-classical paradigms, and characterizes the stages of students mastering the basics of the post-non-classical paradigm. The authors put forward pedagogical conditions for the natural science education of students – future teachers in the context of a change in the fundamental scientific paradigm: the selection of the content of the studied material and bringing it into line with the conclusions of post-non-classical science, and a cultural approach that allows you to see all education through the prism of the concept of culture, all branches of which are interconnected. In the course of work on the topic, theoretical research methods (theoretical analysis of literature and generalization of pedagogical experience) and empirical methods (observation, questioning and conversation).

The article analyzes the level of formation of vocal pedagogical culture among future music teachers. The formation of a vocal pedagogical culture is an important task that helps them effectively train and educate students in the field of vocal art. There is a problem in the education of students – a decrease in the level of artistic and aesthetic needs. Most students prefer to listen to samples of low-quality mass youth music that does not meet the criteria of artistry. One of the reasons for determining the unformed musical and aesthetic taste of the younger generation is the lack of information about artistic examples of vocal culture and domestic and foreign performance. In this context, special attention should be paid to the training of vocational education specialists who are capable of creating an alternative to pop culture, preserving and enhancing the best traditions of professional musical art. To solve this problem, it is necessary to obtain special theoretical knowledge that will contribute to the development of the performing culture of the future music teacher. In the framework of our research, the concept of vocal pedagogical culture is considered as a certain integrative quality of a person, which includes a value attitude towards the heritage of humanity in the field of various types of singing activities, a high level of professional abilities (in the field of vocal pedagogy), a high vocal and performing level, as well as creative component in vocal and pedagogical skills.

The article provides the author’s definition of the concept of «teacher critical thinking.» The potential of the academic discipline «Pedagogy» is revealed in the formation of critical thinking of students – future teachers. The possibilities of lectures and seminars in the development of critical thinking of students at a pedagogical university are outlined. Lectures allow you to demonstrate manifestations of critical thinking in the professional activities of a teacher: mechanisms for choosing methods, techniques, means of teaching and education, ways of constructing lessons and extracurricular activities. Seminar classes contribute to the development of students’ ability to detect the supra-situational problematic nature of a pedagogical situation, the formation of intellectual and personal qualities necessary for making pedagogical decisions. The logic of how students solve pedagogical situations is proposed, which contributes to the formation of critical thinking of future teachers: 1) orientation of students in the situation (analytical process), which becomes the starting point for determining the pedagogical task (constructive process); 2) obtaining information about the teenager (analytical process), on the basis of which the process of interaction with the teenager is organized (constructive process); 3) analysis of the achieved results (analytical process), leading to the determination of directions for further activities (constructive process). Examples are given of the formation of critical thinking of students – future teachers at lectures and seminars in the academic discipline «Pedagogy».

The relevance of the article is determined by the uncertainty of the terms «self-realization» and «professional self-realization» used in modern pedagogical research. It is proved that the term «professional self-realization» is applicable to the higher education system, since, according to the Federal State Educational Standard, students must master both general and professional skills. In addition, the person’s professional development is continuous. The article analyzes and substantiates the content of the term «professional self-realization of students» in pedagogy. The terms «self-realization», «professional self-realization», «pre-professional self-realization», «pre-professional self-realization» are defined; the features of their use in scientific literature are analyzed. It is proposed to use the generic concept of «professional self-realization» in relation to school, college or university stages. Professional self-realization is presented as a long and multidimensional process involving the formation, self-determination and personal development within a profession, starting from the first courses of study at a university. The content and difference of professional self-realization at the university and at the enterprise are described. Examples of multidimensional cooperation and joint educational programs with enterprises are given.

The article outlines the importance of a personality-oriented model of education in the field of a harmonious combination of the interests of the individual, consisting of free self-development and preservation of individuality, and the interests of Russian society, the most important of which is the self-development of each of its members under the sign of morality. The theoretical foundations of a personality-oriented model of education are outlined: the value of the student’s personality; education of a person of culture as the goal of personality-oriented education; subjective experience of the individual as its content. It is proposed to consider a personality-oriented model of education as a theoretical construct formed by cognitive, axiological, activity-creative and personal modules, including knowledge, values, methods of activity and creativity, personal characteristics, respectively. The content of the activity-creative module is supplemented with such a component as a way of mastering the world in morality. The main provisions of the concept of spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality are revealed: the mastery of the world by a person in morality presupposes knowledge of morality, which appears not in an explicit form, but in a transformed form – through a special method of assessment, through requirements; the individual not only assimilates moral demands proposed from the outside, but is an active subject in their development. The role of moral consciousness in a person’s spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality is revealed, providing a search for the value-normative meaning of people’s actions and relationships, on the basis of which the relationships between people are assessed. It is substantiated that students’ spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality is possible within the framework of a personality-oriented model of education.