Vol 12, No 3 (2023)

Biological Sciences

Species composition and distribution of birds in the city of stepanakert and adjacent territories

Aydinyan L.G., Hayrapetyan V.T., Yaitsky A.S.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the identification of the species composition of the birds population in the city of Stepanakert and the seizure of their territories. The study of bird biodiversity within certain limits is of particular importance, changing in the urban environment. The material for this work was collected on the administrative borders of the city of Stepanakert and its surroundings from April 2017 to April 2023. All year round, birds were counted along routes in residential areas, gardens, squares, cemeteries, on river banks, in wooded areas, and thickets of shrubs. As a result of observations, it was revealed for the first time that the bird fauna is represented by 117 species, which belong to 14 orders and 37 families, representing 52,4% of the bird fauna of Nagorno Karabakh. The results of the research made it possible to identify the main bird species that determine the habitat, as well as to assess their occurrence, seasonal changes and prevailing ecological properties. An analysis of the urban environment by bird populations and possible measures to protect them was also carried out. The results obtained can be useful for developing strategies for sustainable human-nature interaction in the urban environment, as well as for conducting broader environmental research in the region.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):10-17
pages 10-17 views

Species composition and ecological groupings of birds of extrazonal transformed landscapes of Yenisei Siberia in the spring and summer period

Baranov A.A., Naiman M.A., Bannikova K.K., Buchneva O.N., Yunosova L.V.

Abstract

The article presents the results of a pilot study conducted in May–June 2022 in the places of interpenetration of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe and subtaiga, where extrazonal transformed landscapes were formed. An important role in this was played by such factors as the location of the territory on the border of natural zones, the dismembered hilly-rocky terrain, active human economic activity, which also caused the high mosaic of biotopes. As a result, there is an overlap of ranges of typically forest and steppe bird species, as well as their nesting in close proximity to each other, which is explained by their ecological specialization. During this period, 105 species and subspecies of birds belonging to 13 groups were noted. All the diversity is distributed by ecological groups that correspond to the large biotopes identified in the study area: small-leaved birch and mixed forests; forest edges, felling and chopping; coniferous forests; high-stemmed and shrubby floodplain forests; residential landscapes; wetland complex; high-grass and low-grass open areas. Some phenological data, information on the biotopic placement, abundance and nesting of birds collected in the process of route hiking are presented.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):18-26
pages 18-26 views

Wetlands dynamics analysis: a case study of Keoladeo National Park (India), the wintering grounds of West Siberian white crane population

Boldyrev S.L., Levykh A.Y., Zamyatin D.O.

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the wetlands area in the Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur province, Rajasthan, India) over the past decades in connection with changes in climatic parameters to assess the wintering conditions of the endangered West Siberian White Crane population (Leucogeranus (=Grus) leucogeranus Pallas, 1773). The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the main meteorological parameters (average maximum and minimum temperatures of the surface layer of the atmosphere in 1971–2022, average precipitation per year and from October to March (the wintering period of West Siberian White Crane) in 1958–2021); the results of an analysis of the ratio of areas of different types of habitats according to remote sensing data in 1972–2022; the results of statistical analysis of the volume of water entering the park from the Ajahn Bund reservoir in 1980–2010. During the study period, a significant increase in the average maximum and minimum temperatures of the winter period was revealed, which, along with the absence of a significant trend towards an increase in the average amount of precipitation and an increase in the number of dry years, indicates a warming climate with an increase in its aridity. A statistically significant reduction in the area of habitats suitable for West Siberian White Crane has been established. This indicates a significant decrease in the water level in the Keoladeo wetlands, both due to increased evaporation and a significant reduction in the volume of water entering the park from the reservoir. The results of the study show that in the conditions of observed climate changes, the main regulators of the water level and the state of the ecosystem of the Keoladeo wetlands are agricultural users, whose water consumption increases with increasing aridity of the climate.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):27-35
pages 27-35 views

On the study of molecular markers of the genus Picea in Russia and Belarus

Degtyareva A.P.

Abstract

Currently, degradation of spruce stands is observed in various regions of Russia, which is associated with the transformation of climatic and environmental conditions of the environment. To ensure effective reforestation and afforestation of spruce forests, it is necessary to study the features of the population-genetic structure of plantations in order to preserve the genetic resources of valuable forest-forming tree species. The purpose of this work is to review modern achievements in the study of molecular markers of the genus Picea in Russia and Belarus. To characterize the genetic diversity of spruce populations, 9 ISSR primers with a high level of polymorphism (86,6%) were selected: (GA)9T, (AC)8C, (CA)6RY, (CA)6RG, (CA)6(GT), (CA)6(AC), (AG)8T, (GA)8C and (AG)8YT. The analysis of the mh44 locus of mitochondrial DNA revealed 13 allelic variants and is suitable for studying the genetic diversity of intra- and inter-population genetic variability of spruce. Experimental work with the mitochondrial Nad1 gene has shown the possibility of its application for phylogeographic studies of spruce. The assessment of the genetic variability of microsatellite loci Pt63718, Pt26081, Pt71936 revealed 19 allelic variants and is also suitable for phylogeographic studies. These results are very valuable and can form the basis for studying and characterizing the genetic structure of spruce plantations.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):36-39
pages 36-39 views

Insecticidal efficacy of the drug «Phytocreolin», which affects the number of zoophilic flies

Zaitsev V.V., Petryakov V.V., Akimov A.L., Zaitseva L.M.

Abstract

This article examines the insectoacaricidal effectiveness of the drug «Phytocreolin» on the number of zoophilic flies in open and closed livestock premises. For the first time, the authors conducted studies of the insectoacaricidal efficacy of the drug «Phytocreolin» based on pine tar, how it differs from creolin, and having a repellent effect against insects and, thereby, contributing to a decrease in the number of zoophilic flies in livestock premises. Studies conducted to establish the background number of imago flies in open and closed types, followed by an entomological assessment of zoophilic flies, showed that the dominant biological species was the gray meat fly (Sarcophaga bullata), which accounted for about 80% of the total number of flies. Such a large number of this species is due to the active summer season, as well as the time of research. The housefly (Musca domestica) was also found in the insects, the number of which amounted to 10% of the total number of zoophilic flies. In addition, the autumn stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), which accounted for about 7%, and the common green carrion (Lucilia caeza), 3% of the total number of zoophilic flies, were also found in livestock facilities. It was found that the effectiveness of the insecticide drug in the disinfection of livestock premises of a closed type for the entire period of experience, when disinfecting with a 25% solution of the drug in reducing the number of insects was 15,3%, when treated with a 50% solution, the effectiveness was the best and amounted to 29,8% and when disinfecting with a 100% solution, the decrease in the number of zoophilic flies was about 21,7%. Similar results of the effectiveness of the use of an insecticidal drug were obtained in open-type livestock facilities. So, over the entire period of the experiment, when disinfecting with a 25% solution of the drug, the decrease in the number of insects was 9,6%, when treated with a 50% solution – 23% and when disinfecting with a 100% solution, the insecticidal efficiency was the best and amounted to 26%.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):40-46
pages 40-46 views

Territory heterogeneity study on the «number of species – area» curve to research its floristic structure (the Inza physical-geographical area)

Ivanova A.V., Kostina N.V., Istomina E.Y.

Abstract

The Inza high-plain forested area of the upper plateau is located in the Volga region. It stretches from south to north along the western border of Ulyanovsk Region. The floristic heterogeneity of the area was analyzed at the level of species composition according to the «number of species – area» curve. The zones of the most massive influx of species can be considered as a different floristic region with a different species composition. Taking into account the geographical configuration of the Inza area, the study was carried out in the latitudinal direction: from south to north and from north to south. In addition to tracking the increase in the total species composition, the change in the position of the leading families with an increase in the number of species across the territory is considered. The initial data on the flora of the area are lists of species compiled for individual geographical points. It has been established that the increase in the species composition occurs unevenly in both directions: in addition to the first stage, two subsequent ones are noticeable. The heterogeneity of the flora of the Inza area is confirmed by changes in the arrangement of the leading families of the head part of the total flora spectrum with the accumulation of species composition. The middle part of the area has a pronounced Fabaceae type. In the northern and southern parts, the proportions of the families Fabaceae and Rosaceae are close with a slight predominance of Rosaceae. This is especially noticeable when excluded from the general list of adventitious species. In the composition of the native flora, the Brassicaceae family reduces its share, while Cyperaceae, on the contrary, rises up the spectrum. The role of sedges is somewhat greater in the northern part of the area. In the Inza area, three local floras are identified and considered, which are characterized by the Fabaceae type. However, the gap between Fabaceae and Rosaceae in abundance differs greatly. It is the largest in the local flora in the tract Akulovskaya steppe. In its composition, the proportion of the genus Astragalus is noticeably higher, which increases the contribution of legumes to the flora. The spectrum of the complete composition of the flora of the Inza area is Rosaceae type. In this regard, it is also possible to assume that the three local floras considered do not exhaust the entire diversity of the studied area.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):47-54
pages 47-54 views

Bioecological analysis of the flora of suburban and urban forests of Samara

Ilina V.N., Kozlovskaya O.V., Senator S.A., Rogov S.A., Rogova N.A.

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study and analysis of the flora of the forests of suburban and urban forests of Samara. 279 plant species have been identified in the study area, among which only five are rare and protected at the regional level (Campanula latifolia L., Fritillaria ruthenica Wikstr., Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. et Schult. fil., Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill.). In the spectrum of life forms, trees are represented by 24 species, shrubs – by 23 species. Among herbaceous perennials, the rhizomatous group of plants predominates – 57 species, or 20,4%. In the group of juveniles, numbering 68 species, or 24,3%, annuals predominate – 41 species, or 14,6% of the total flora. In the surveyed forests, the forest group of plants naturally dominates among the phytocoenotypes – 71 species, which is 25,4% of the total flora. The ecological group of mesophytes, being the leading one, includes 184 plant species, which makes up 65,9% of the flora. The analysis of the flora showed a significant proportion of weed-ruderal representatives. Indigenous oak-linden forests currently retain their positions in the region, however, maple forests occupy a significant territory among them. The anthropogenic factor (recreation, fires, clearings) has a significant impact on the floristic complex. Recreation and forest fires in some cases are the main reason for the transformation of forest plant communities in the territory of Samara and its suburbs.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):55-62
pages 55-62 views

Detection of a mass breeding site of the elm sawfly-zigzag Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Argidae) in Voronezh

Kondratyeva A.M., Rzhevsky S.G., Aksenenko E.V., Kirpach D.A., Kornev I.I.

Abstract

During entomological monitoring, three species of sawflies were observed in the plantings of small-leaved elm Ulmus pumila Linnaeus (1753), rough U. glabra Hudson (1762) and smooth U. laevis Pallas (1784) in Voronezh. Slight overeating by the elm sawfly Cladius ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tenthredinidae) was found throughout the study area on three species of elms. Mines of the elm mining sawfly Fenusa ulmi Sundevall, 1847 (Tenthredinidae) were found only on the rough elm in the Northern district of the city. Isolated damage to the leaves of U. pumila by the zigzag sawfly Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 (Argidae) was noted in all districts of the city, U. glabra – only in two points of the Northern district. In early July 2023, a hearth with a high number of zigzag sawflies on U. pumila was discovered in the park of the Sovetsky district, in which 90% defoliation on U. pumila was recorded by early August. The flight of the imago of A. leucopoda on the territory of three parks and squares of the Sovetsky district was marked in the first decade of July. The female sawfly was caught on a city bus with the starting point of the route near the found hearth with a high number of sawflies, which confirms the transfer of the imago of the zigzag sawfly within the city by public transport.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):63-68
pages 63-68 views

Features of the anatomical structure of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. needles in the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula

Korenkova O.O.

Abstract

Currently, the natural flora of Crimea includes 5 species of junipers, the smallest of which is J. foetidissima. The anatomical structure of needles is an important diagnostic feature that allows one to assess the intraspecific variability of rare species and the stability of their tree stands. In the conditions of the Crimean Mountains, extensive intercellular spaces are clearly visualized on a cross section of J. foetidissima needles. Such a feature of the anatomical structure of the needles of the species under study has not been described previously. The proportion of intercellular spaces varies from 5,36% to 20,89%, on average, their area is 0,018 ± 0,002 mm². Intercellular spaces are located in the central part of the needles between the vascular bundle and the resin canal, and sometimes on both sides of it. The mesophyll is very loose here. Along the periphery, the dense mesophyll consists of 3–5 rows of elongated oval cells. In addition, there is one fairly large resin channel. Its area can occupy up to 15% of the total cross-sectional area of the needles. The correlation dependences of the parameters of the anatomical structure of the needles of J. foetidissima are similar to those of J. deltoides, which, in turn, has a needle-shaped needle type. The drought resistance coefficient of the studied species made it possible to classify them as mesophytes.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):69-74
pages 69-74 views

Some aspects of mechanical stability of centuries-old Pinus pinea L. trees growing in the Crimea

Kornienko V.O., Klimenko N.I., Pavlov S.I.

Abstract

The paper considers the issues of assessing the mechanical stability and accident rate of the Italian pine, using the example of a 120 year-old tree growing in the conditions of the recreationally loaded territory of the A.P. Chekhov House-Museum in the city of Yalta, Republic of Crimea. It was found that the viability of the studied plant is 1 point – this is a healthy plant without damage to the trunk and crown. Biomechanical studies were carried out: the aboveground phytomass of the trunk of the tree under study and the main skeletal branches with needles were calculated, the physico-mechanical properties of tissues were determined and model calculations of the mechanical stability of the tree were performed. It was found that the dimensions of the main skeletal branches are separate independent trees, and the calculated weight is an additional static load on the trunk and under the action of a dynamic factor, which additionally reduces the critical load by ~ 20% and increases the accident rate of the entire tree. A large angle of inclination, taking into account the length of the branches, also increases the degree of accident. As a result, there is a shift in the center of mass and a tilt of the entire body with a high probability of falling out of the tree with the slab. To reduce the accident rate of a tree, it is necessary to trim the main branches and reduce the load on the trunk, taking into account the center of mass, and if it is impossible to carry out the necessary trimming, it is necessary to fix dangerous skeletal branches to metal structures.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):75-79
pages 75-79 views

Feeding conditions of the interspecific bumblebee association (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region

Krainov I.V., Sattarov V.N.

Abstract

This article reports that the main food plants of bumblebees of the interspecific association of the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region during the period of flight activity (I decade of May – III decade of September) are 120 plant species from 30 families. Common and fairly common species predominate, which, under the condition of medium, high and superfroductivity, form the forage base. All rare, quite rare, very rare, as well as unproductive common and unproductive fairly common plant species perform a supporting function in the nutrition of bumblebees. At the beginning of the flight activity of bumblebees, low and medium-productive species predominate, then after the beginning of flowering of new species, highly and super-productive ones are included in the feed spectrum – there is a change in food conditions from unfavorable to favorable. During the main flight period, bumblebees feed or forage on 99 plant species, among which fairly ordinary medium-productive species predominate. Before the second decade of August, three peaks in the expansion of the food spectrum were revealed: in the third decade of May (by 15 species), in the second decade of June (by 31 species) and in the second decade of July (by 20 species). The exclusion of plants from the bumblebee diet occurs every decade. The greatest peaks were recorded in the II decade of July and in the III decade of August – by 21 species. Starting from the first decade of September, there is a change in food conditions from favorable to unfavorable. In general, the feed base of bumblebees of the interspecific association of the central forest-steppe of the Omsk Region has a stable character and allows to provide bumblebees with a sufficient volume of full-fledged feed.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):80-92
pages 80-92 views

Characteristics of the hairline of Japanese, German and Pomeranian Spitz

Nikonorova A.R., Blokhin I.G., Blokhin G.I.

Abstract

This study examines the structure of the fur of three breeds of Spitz dogs: Japanese, Pomeranian, and German. The purpose of the study is to characterize the fur of these dogs in a comparative aspect. For a long period, differences between the standards of these breeds were not approved, and to this day, many experts perceive Spitz varieties as a single breed. The results of this research can be used in practice by specialists in the field of cynology, grooming, and exhibition activities to evaluate the fur coat of representatives of the Pomeranian, German and Japanese Spitz breeds. After collecting samples and processing them, the highest indicators of curliness and comfort factor were observed in Japanese Spitz dogs. This breed had the highest comfort factor (92,4%), with longer guard hairs and undercoat compared to the other studied breeds (guard hairs – 6,22 cm, undercoat – 4,16 cm). German Spitz dogs had the thickest fibers (diameter – 22,7 microns), and the highest number of hairs (4554 hairs). The thinnest fibers were observed in Pomeranian Spitz dogs (diameter – 19 microns). It is worth noting that female Japanese Spitz dogs had more hair than males, while male German Spitz dogs had more hair than females. Also, the mean fiber diameter in male Japanese and Pomeranian Spitz dogs was higher than in females. In terms of average curliness, the hair of female Japanese Spitz dogs was more curly than in males, whereas male Pomeranian Spitz dogs had more curly hair than females.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):93-97
pages 93-97 views

Modeling the impact of sulfide ore processing waste disposal facilities on the environment and human health

Novikova I.I., Ogudov A.S., Semenova E.V., Chuenko N.F., Bessonova M.V.

Abstract

After the completion of the exploitation of ore deposits, atmospheric migration of sulfur compounds remains an urgent ecological and hygienic problem. The aim of the study was to obtain scientifically sound ideas about the danger of waste from the extraction and processing of sulfide ores of non-ferrous and precious metals accumulated in mining regions for the environment and public health based on the methodology of integrated modeling. The emission of sulfur compounds was studied on a full-scale model of the Ursky dump of barite–pyrite bulk (Ursk settlement, Kemerovo Region), the nature of their combined action was studied in a model experiment on Wistar rats. According to the simulation results, the main components of harmful emissions from the Ursky dump include dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfur dioxide, the concentrations of which in the air exceeded the normative ones by 129–170, 119–127 and 1,7 times. When exposing experimental animals with a two-component mixture of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfoxide, a partial summation of the neuro- and hepatotoxic effects of the components was noted, while a three-component mixture of dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfur dioxide potentiated the irritating effect. The dependences of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the biological effects of the isolated mixtures on the sum of the concentrations of their components and time are investigated. The proven algorithm for modeling the effects of the impact of a sulfide-containing dump on the environment and public health makes it possible to expand the possibilities of environmental expertise of environmental protection measures and assessment of risks to public health in mining regions.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):98-104
pages 98-104 views

On the issue of adaptive reactions of the blood system of competing species of turtles Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta (Emydidae)

Romanova E.B., Stolyarova I.A., Bakiev A.G., Gorelov R.A.

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the leukocyte composition of the blood of Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta from the Samara Zoo was carried out. Statistically significant interspecies sex differences in the content of granulocytes (heterophiles, basophils and eosinophils) in the blood were established. The proportion of agranulocytes in the blood of both species was the same. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of species, sex, and their interaction on the leukocyte composition of the blood of turtles. At the same time, males of E. orbicularis differed from males of T. scripta by an increased content of heterophiles in the blood, and females differed from females by an increased content of heterophiles and a decreased content of basophils. An analysis of leukocyte indices revealed a more active component of the nonspecific natural resistance of the organism of E. orbicularis females compared to males and females of T. scripta. In captivity, E. orbicularis experienced greater stress relative to T. scripta, as evidenced by an increased value of the index of the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes and a lower content of eosinophils. With an increase in body size, an increase in the relative content of lymphocytes in the blood of T. scripta females and an increase in stress resistance were noted, while in E. orbicularis such a specific immune reaction was not observed. We believe that the species-specific adaptive reaction of the blood system gives competitive advantages to the spreading exotic species T. scripta, which potentially threatens natural populations of E. orbicularis.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):105-111
pages 105-111 views

Bryophytes of the Tapsinsky Reserve of the Republic of Tuva

Sambyla C.N., Ak-Lama T.A., Anandy S.D., Mongush C.B.

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of bryophytes of the Tapsinsky state nature reserve in the Republic of Tuva. Compared with the higher vascular plants, bryophytes still remain a poorly studied group in many respects, especially in Tuva. For the first time, a list of mosses is published, numbering 33 species belonging to 24 genera and 16 families. Among the identified families, in terms of the number of species, Dicranaceae (15,1%), Hylocomiaceae (15,1%), Amblystegiaceae (12,1%), Olytrichaceae (12,1%), Aulacomniaceae (6%) are significant for high-mountain tundras, and the rest families are represented by one species each. A brief analysis of the studied bryoflora is given. In terms of the number of species, the leading place belongs to the genera Dicranum Hedw. and Polytrichum Hedw., represented respectively by the following mosses Dicranum acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) C.E.J. Jensen ex I.J., D. brevifolium Lindb.) Lindb., D. flexicaule Brid., D. scoparium Hedw. and D. spadiceum Zett. Rather strong positions belong to Polytrichum commune Hedw., P. juniperinum Hedw., P. piliferum Hedw. and P. strictum Brid. The remaining genera and families of mosses are represented by single species. A brief analysis of the studied bryoflora is given.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):112-117
pages 112-117 views

Assessment of the state of socio-ecological and economic systems using the desirability function (using the example of administrative-territorial units of the Nizhny Novgorod Region)

Sinyushkina S.D., Kalashnikov I.N., Zaznobina N.I., Bogomolova E.S.

Abstract

Any administrative-territorial unit is a system characterized by three main criteria – socio-demographic, environmental and economic. A generalized desirability function can be used to correctly compare disparate indicators that quantitatively reflect these directions. This article demonstrates the possibility of using the desirability function for a comprehensive assessment of the state of socio-ecological and economic systems on the example of administrative-territorial units of the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2010–2020. The methodology involves determining the generalized desirability function according to socio-demographic, environmental, and economic parameters individually and as a whole. Based on the calculation of these indicators, a rating was compiled among the administrative-territorial units of the region and a general description of the complex state of the region was given. It was revealed that 98% of the studied objects belong to the two lower grades of the generalized desirability function out of a possible five. The paper examines the possible causes of the results obtained, examines the factors affecting the state of the socio-ecological and economic system in each of the areas separately. The dynamics of the values of the generalized desirability function during the studied decade was also analyzed. The results obtained reflect the need to increase the effectiveness of the measures taken to develop the administrative-territorial units of the region.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):118-123
pages 118-123 views

The state and population of the steppe marmot (Marmota bobak Müller, 1776) in the territory of the National Park «Sengileevsky gory»

Fokina M.E., Shipova N.A.

Abstract

The research results presented in the article were carried out in the spring period 2014, 2017, 2023. The population of the steppe marmot was studied and the family plots located in the valley of the Arbuga River and along the slopes of the Arbuginsky mountain of the Sengileevsky and Ulyanovsk districts of the Ulyanovsk Region were counted. In 2014, this settlement was one of the largest in the Ulyanovsk Region and consisted of 80 family plots, covering about 8 km. In 2017, the settlement was reduced to 16 sites. After this territory became part of the National Park «Sengileevsky gory» the settlement of the steppe marmot increased again and today consists of 51 sites. The length of the settlement is currently more than 9 km. Most of the old burrows are located on steep slopes. The formation of new burrows on the terrace and in the field was noted. The lowest level of anxiety in different periods was recorded on the southern slope of Arbuginsky Mountain. Uncontrolled hunting causes the greatest damage to the number of marmots. Therefore, it can be stated that only comprehensive actions to protect the steppe marmot have a positive effect.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):124-128
pages 124-128 views

Historical Sciences

Ceramics of «kargopol type» on multilayer monuments of Vodlozero (experience of planigraphic and stratigraphic analysis)

German K.E.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the planigraphic and stratigraphic occurrence of pit–comb ceramics and dishes of the «kargopol type» on the multilayer settlements of Somboma I and Okhtoma I, III, the complexes of which contain ceramics of the «kargopol type» numbering more than 20 vessels on each monument. As a result, it was established that ceramics of the kargopol «type» are concentrated in certain parts of the excavations, and are absent in some excavations, while pit-comb dishes are distributed throughout the entire area of settlements. There are quite a lot of household objects associated with pit-comb dishes, as well as a ground dwelling, at the same time, no household objects are associated with ceramics of the «kargopol type», which indicates a short-term stay of carriers of this type of dishes on the shores of Lake Vodlozero. Thus, pit-comb ceramics and dishes of the «kargopol type» represent two different groups of the population. If we accept the correctness of M.G. Kosmenko assumption, that the ground dwelling with pit-comb ceramics belongs to the north-eastern local variant of the kargopol culture, and not the Karelian culture of pit-comb ceramics, then it becomes clear that the spread of ceramics of the «kargopol type» only on the territory of eastern Karelia.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):129-138
pages 129-138 views

Multidisciplinary approach to the study of Neolithic pottery technology (based on the materials of the Luzhki II site)

Vasilyeva I.N., Somov A.V., Vasilieva D.I., Baranova M.N.

Abstract

The excavations of a new Neolithic site in the Samara Volga region, conducted by archaeologists of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education in 2020–2023, yielded numerous ceramic materials, a comprehensive analysis of which is currently being conducted. The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics according to the method of A.A. Bobrinsky and the specifics of the geographical location of the Luzhki II site led to the appeal to more detailed methods of study. In addition to archaeological (morphological grouping of vessels, typology, technical and technological analysis of ceramics based on binocular microscopy, tracology and physical modeling), the methods of geology (petrography, X-ray phase analysis) and paleosolvology were used in the study. The results of the multidisciplinary approach to the study of Neolithic pottery technology are presented in this article. They suggested that a small site without stationary dwellings could be used as a seasonal place for making household utensils (in addition to the usual hunting and fishing activities). As a result of the technical and technological analysis of pottery ceramics of the Luzhki II site, a significant proximity of the pottery traditions of the population groups who left different ceramic complexes was revealed, which indicates the simultaneity of their existence in this area and active mixing processes. The archaization of the potters' ideas about plastic raw materials is noted – a return to more archaic methods: the share of the use of silt in the production of post-Yelshan ceramic complex lot is 82%; pricked – 75%; combed – 89%; «mixed» group – 83%. From the point of view of the historical and cultural approach, such a result could arise only because of the appearance in the southern Middle Volga of new groups of Neolithic population with archaic ideas about raw materials.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):139-152
pages 139-152 views

Ceramic traditions on the territory of the Permian Urals during the Great Migration of Peoples: application of technical, technological and statistical analyses

Batueva N.S., Shmuratko D.V.

Abstract

The article presents the results of technical, technological and statistical analyses of ceramics from the epoch of the Great Migration of Peoples found on the monuments of the Permian Urals. The technical and technological analysis was carried out within the framework of the historical and cultural approach developed by A.A. Bobrinsky. Statistical analysis of the sample, including 136 vessels from 10 archaeological sites, using the k-means method allowed us to talk about a motley and diverse cultural palette of the population of the studied territory. The authors identified 8 clusters, each of which can be identified with a particular cultural tradition of pottery making. The analyzed ceramic material allows us to talk about the mixing of at least two groups of the population, one of which is associated with the tradition of using crushed shells in the production of ceramics, and the second – manure, organic solution, chamotte and dry processing of the initial plastic raw materials. The intertwining of traditions is clearly recorded by the facts of the identification of mixed multicomponent compositions of molding masses (clay + crushed shell + organic solution; clay + crushed shell + chamotte; clay + crushed shell + chamotte + organic solution). According to the results of the analysis, local ceramic traditions were also recorded, demonstrating the high dependence of ceramic production technology on available raw materials (sanded clay raw materials; silty clays). In the course of the study, the tradition of using crushed raw materials in the production of ceramics was described and interpreted, the origins of which may be associated with the area of distribution of the Mazunin culture.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):153-162
pages 153-162 views

The concept of Revolution in 17th century England and translations from Latin of William Camden's «Britannia»

Zhuravlev A.V.

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of the idea of the revolution in England in the 17th century. This evolution can be outlined in how the word ‘revolution’ was being employed in translating from Latin William Camden’s ‘Britannia’. Two translations done – one at the start and the other at the close of the century – allow tracing the semantic change that occurred in the usage of the word ‘revolution’ on the course of the century. This evolution changes the meaning of the word and pushes it closer to modern understanding of ‘revolution’ as an event of considerable social and political significance and change. An attempt is made to explain why exactly this word came to denote one of the key events of Modern history. The word ‘revolution’ was being widely used in England of the late sixteenth – early seventeenth century and served to connect everyday secular and mundane ideas and notions to heavenly, more elevated level. The character of the employment of the word provided for the possibility of its secularisation and direct social and political usage. Particular stages of this process are shown by the analysis of its role in the English translations of various concepts and ideas of original Latin text by William Camden.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):163-169
pages 163-169 views

The Battle of Waterloo in the Duke of Wellington’s dispatch to the Earl of Bathurst: «confession» of an accidental winner

Egorov A.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of an important historical document – the Duke of Wellington’s dispatch to the State Secretary for War and Colonies of the United Kingdom Earl of Bathurst, June 19, 1815 (in English tradition it is usually called The Waterloo Dispatch) in which the Iron Duke presented his account of the Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) which ended the long series of so-called Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, which lasted almost a quarter of a century. The author cites the opinions of Russian and foreign historians, who to one degree or another, tried to assess the Waterloo Dispatch, paying special attention to the characterization of this document by modern British researcher Andrew Roberts, given in his monograph «Napoleon and Wellington». Edith Saunders, who wrote a separate monograph on «Napoleon’s Hundred Days», categorically characterized the dispatch of the Iron Duke calling it «a joyful account of the battle». However based on the above mentioned assessments and based on his own analysis of the dispatch of June 19, the author came to the conclusion that the Waterloo Dispatch was an attempt to give an English interpretation of the events of the famous battle – a kind of «British Myth» and chronologically was predecessor to the «Napoleonic Myth» created by the defeated Emperor on the Island St. Helena about the fateful 19th century for Europe, battle.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):170-174
pages 170-174 views

Chita female Bogoroditsky (Pokrovsky) monastery in the urban architectural landscape of the late XIX – early XX century

Drobotushenko E.V., Lantsova Y.N., Kamneva G.P., Sotnikov A.A., Sotnikov S.A.

Abstract

The article, based on archival sources, characterizes the architectural ensemble of the Orthodox Chita female Bogoroditsky (since 1915 – Pokrovsky) provincial monastery that existed in the late XIX – early XX centuries in the administrative center of the Transbaikal Region, Chita. It is noted that the history of the monastery has not yet become the subject of a serious, diverse analysis. There are some references in the literature that do not give a general picture. At the same time, the monastery was the only city monastery in Transbaikalia, which makes its history especially interesting. The relatively short period of the monastery's existence, the fact that it was insignificant and did not receive funding from the state, did not allow it to become significant in size, capital and fame. At the same time, especially for the Eastern Transbaikalia, where he was the only female, he became a significant cult object for his time. There were no material remains of the monastery buildings, so the research was based on archival documents and photographs. The main milestones of the monastery's history are given. It is noted that, despite the certain fame of the named object of the Orthodox history of Transbaikalia, the stages of its existence have not received a full, comprehensive assessment in the scientific literature. The architectural ensemble of the monastery is recreated, the existing buildings are described. It is noted that the main feature of the monastery is that it was the only city monastery in Transbaikalia. It organically fits into the urban development. Chita at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries had mainly wooden buildings. The architectural ensemble of the Chita Monastery was no exception. The monastery was closed in the early 1920s. Its buildings, which were, in fact, a monument of urban Orthodox architecture of Transbaikalia, were destroyed later.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):175-180
pages 175-180 views

Between Medicine and Revolution: towards the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina

Fedotova A.J.

Abstract

Biographical research has been an integral part of historical science since its inception. However, as a rule, the most significant historical figures have always fallen into the sphere of interests of scientists. In post-Soviet historiography, biographies of people who are difficult to classify as outstanding figures began to appear more and more often. Despite this, through the analysis of their biographies, it is possible to trace how the inheritance of cultural traditions formed in different historical periods took place, the ways of assimilation of social, gender and other ideas, their transfers and influence on people's behavior in specific historical circumstances. The purpose of the article is to restore the biography of Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina (1874–1943), a physician by profession and a Socialist Revolutionary by party affiliation, based on unpublished archival documents from the central, local and personal archives, to identify her place in the revolutionary and women's social movement of the early twentieth century. A particular example of the biography makes it possible to understand how the process of formation of diverse and often layered identities of women of the late XIX – early XX centuries took place. As a result, it can be concluded that Elena Nikolaevna Oshanina's self-realization was in the field between two identities – professional and revolutionary, which were layered on top of each other, but both were very important for the heroine of this biography.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):181-187
pages 181-187 views

The Partisan Movement of Eastern Transbaikalia in the «White» periodical press (1919–1920)

Taskin D.A.

Abstract

This article examines the coverage in the White Guard press of events related to the actions of the partisans of Eastern Transbaikalia against the regime of ataman G.M. Semenov. The research was based on the issues of the newspaper «Zabaikalskaya Nov», published in Chita in 1919 and 1920, as well as the newspaper «Far East», published in Vladivostok. Many of the materials of these newspapers devoted to the actions of the East Trans-Baikal partisans are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. As a result of the analysis of newspaper publications, it was found that on the pages of these newspapers there are practically no pronounced propaganda materials directed against the actions of the partisans or their leaders. At the same time, the newspaper issues contain a large number of published reports reflecting the fighting of the Semenov troops against the partisans. A large amount of this data allows to trace the actions of the warring parties with high accuracy and is a good basis for further study of the Civil War in the territory of Transbaikalia. Of particular interest are publications devoted to the Bogdatsky Battle, the largest battle of the Civil War in Eastern Transbaikalia. These materials make it possible to reconstruct the details of the battle with high accuracy, significantly complementing the memoir sources available on this issue.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):188-192
pages 188-192 views

Zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s

Korzhenevsky K.B.

Abstract

The issues of formation and development of zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s, closely related to the national processes of economic and territorial reform of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, are considered. The evolution of the administrative-territorial system of the Siberian Region is analyzed: the formation of regions and districts through the liquidation of provinces, counties and volosts, the unbundling of village councils and the improvement of the administrative network in accordance with the economic and political challenges of that time. It shows the complexity and inconsistency of the ongoing zoning of the region, which required constant improvement of the administrative system through the development of various projects, discussions with the center and the actual implementation of planned changes on the ground. It is noted that, despite the positive developments in the improvement of the administrative-territorial system, in the end, the Siberian Region was divided into two independent subjects of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It is concluded that the liquidation of the Siberian Region was closely related both to internal problems, namely, the cumbersomeness and weak efficiency of the administrative system of the region that existed in the second half of the 1920s in Siberia, and to national approaches to the zoning of the Soviet state, expressed in the unbundling of territories.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):193-197
pages 193-197 views

Speech by K.E. Voroshilov at the parade on November 7, 1941 in Kuibyshev

Zakharchenko A.V., Repinetsky A.I.

Abstract

For the first time in the national historiography of the Great Patriotic War, the article examines the process of preparing a speech by Marshal K.E. Voroshilov at the parade held on November 7, 1941 in the temporary military capital of the Soviet state, Kuibyshev. The article is based on declassified draft versions of the speech, which are in the fund of K.E. Voroshilov of the Council of People's Commissars of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. These documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analysis of the draft versions of the speech led the authors to the conclusion that Voroshilov prepared the speech on his own and worked carefully on the content, constantly improving it. Writing a speech has gone from a plan to several options, first handwritten and then typed. Voroshilov constantly worked on improving the text of the speech, as evidenced by inserts into the same version, made both in ink and in pencil. When working on a speech, Voroshilov had to take into account two points that imposed special responsibility on his speech. If it was impossible to broadcast the parade from Moscow, it was supposed to broadcast the parade from Kuibyshev. Secondly, the military attaches of the diplomatic missions located in Kuibyshev were present at the parade. In this regard, special attention is paid in the article to the analysis of the search for definitions of the allied countries of the USSR in the war. At the same time, a comparison of the speech delivered at the parade and printed in the newspapers of the country, and the last version of the speech, located in Voroshilov's papers, showed a rather significant difference. Based on this, the authors made a hypothetical conclusion that the speech was corrected and expanded for publication. This indicates that Voroshilov's speech did not fully satisfy the leaders of the state and was corrected.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):198-205
pages 198-205 views

Experience of countering the FBI destructive sects in the second half of the 20th century

Tokmakova P.D., Levin Y.A.

Abstract

The article examines the FBI's work to counter marginal religious organizations in the 1970s and 90s. During this period, the Bureau investigated three resonant cases involving followers of religious organizations: The mass suicide in Johnstown, the Ruby Ridge incident, and the Waco tragedy. Each of these cases led to tragic events, with varying degrees of FBI responsibility. Based on the documents of the US special services, we analyzed the methodology of the department's work with extremist religious organizations, compared and identified key problems and their solutions to the Bureau itself. We also considered the specifics of the FBI's interaction with the US Department of Justice based on which conclusions were made about the discourse around the Bureau during this period and the consequences that the three incidents we studied had. In addition, aspects of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's relationship with the White House and the presidential administration were considered. Based on the above, conclusions were made about the features and disadvantages of the work of federal agents in the field of countering religious extremism. In addition to a diverse source base, the study involved work on the history of the FBI, US political institutions and the history of religious extremism in America.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):206-211
pages 206-211 views

Unemployed vanguard: problems of employment of former workers of the CPSU apparatus (based on socio-political periodicals)

Mochalov D.P., Nevzorova I.V.

Abstract

The article considers the problem of employment of the former party nomenclature of the CPSU as a political and social problem. The data of labor exchanges, which appeared in the public domain, materials of socio-political periodicals and a number of archival documents were involved. The legal basis for the dismissal of party cadres, strategies for finding a new social niche, the main points of social tension, as well as the opinions of contemporaries on this problem are considered. Attempts have been made to identify specific features of unemployment among party cadres, depending on age, position in the former party hierarchy. A separate problem was technical workers who were connected with the CPSU only by labor relations, but who also suffered from political decisions. It is concluded that the employment of former party workers was a political rather than a social problem, and despite the state's interest in neutralizing the political ambitions of the social stratum removed from power, the fundamental features of its former position gave rise to a number of problems, on the one hand, hindering normal employment, and on the other – leading to its close integration. in a new establishment, in a new, now economic role, which can also be seen as a destabilizing factor. It is concluded that the employment of former party workers was a political rather than a social problem, and despite the state's interest in neutralizing the political ambitions of the social stratum removed from power, the fundamental features of its former position gave rise to a number of problems. On the one hand, these peculiarities prevented the normal employment of a large part of this stratum, and on the other hand, led to the close integration of its minority into the new establishment, but now in a new, economic role.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):212-216
pages 212-216 views

Personal funds of Central State Archive of the Samara Region as a source for the study of family memory

Sumburova E.I.

Abstract

The article examines the source potential of personal funds of Central State Archive of the Samara Region when studying such a scientific problem as family memory. The author, based on archival materials and auto-documentary texts, analyzes the conditions under which interest in family history is formed and determines the motives for preserving the history of ancestors. The sources for the research were the funds of two families – the nobles Butorovs and the priest Preobrazhensky, who lived in the Samara province at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, who, in the era of socio-political cataclysms, managed not only to preserve their family history, but also to increase it and pass it on to subsequent generations. Methods of the scientific direction «memory studies» make it possible to analyze the traumatic experience of the authors of ego-documents, which contributed to the Preobrazhenskys and Butorovs turning to studying the past of their family, writing memoirs and preserving family memory. The author comes to the conclusion that interest in the history of a family does not depend on social origin, but is formed by family traditions – attitude to reading, education and creative pursuits. In addition, through genealogical research, the Preobrazhenskys and Butorovs sought to preserve the continuity of generations in their families and find spiritual support at a turning point in life.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):217-221
pages 217-221 views

Representation of Chuvash ethnicity in cyberspace

Iagafova E.A.

Abstract

The article examines the forms, methods and mechanisms of representation of Chuvash ethnicity in cyberspace, characterizes the space of ethnic history and culture of the Chuvash on the Internet, describes the forms and ways of representing the ethnic image of the Chuvash in the Internet space, analyzes the structure of Chuvash cyberspace; characterizes the degree of activity and motivation of participants in virtual communities in the process of representation of ethnicity. The research is based on the study of the content of the «Chuvash» Internet: online platforms, Internet services, resources, a virtual «field» – an online survey of users of social networks. The study showed that cyberspace reflects the real picture of ethnocultural processes in the Chuvash world, in particular in the field of communication, demonstrates the functionality of elements of ethnic culture (songs, costume, etc.). At the same time, the global network is forming its own space of Chuvash ethnicity, based on markers that are significant from the point of view of Internet users (language, songs, visual images of Chuvash culture). By broadcasting them through social networks and web services to the real world, users construct their identity and form a cyberspace with significant potential for preserving the ethnicity of the Chuvash in the real world. Thanks to the content in Russian and other languages, the Chuvash culture and language are being popularized. At the same time, the activity of Chuvash Internet users in ethnocultural topics is low, and in most cases it is expressed by passive forms of information perception, which probably indicates the limited nature of the impact of virtual ethnicity on the processes of ethnic identification of Chuvash in reality.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):222-227
pages 222-227 views

Pedagogical Sciences

A research approach to the study of biology: the implementation of the experience of the past in the present

Andreeva N.D., Malinovskaya N.V.

Abstract

The comprehension of the historical experience accumulated during the activities of Russian advanced teachers and methodologists-biologists contributes to the enrichment of teaching methods with time-tested passages and methods, which determines the effectiveness of their application in the context of the modern educational situation. The ideas and proposals expressed earlier by the scientists in the past can be implemented now to achieve the goals of the Federal State Educational Standard, in particular, when organizing the design and research activities of schoolchildren. The article presents the results of a study of the works of outstanding natural science methodologists of the XIX–XX centuries, concerning their views on the application of a research approach to teaching natural science at school. The article reflects the dynamics of the content of the research activity of schoolchildren in the history of biology teaching methods: from performing descriptive work to conducting biological experiments. Significant attention is devoted to the analysis of the organization of the educational process in natural sciences at commercial schools in Russia and the possibility of applying this experience in teaching biology today. One of the objectives of the article is to consider the topics of observations, research and specific experiments that may be in demand among modern biology teachers during lessons and in extracurricular activities of students.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):228-234
pages 228-234 views

Model of organizational, methodological and personnel support for educational activities in Russian in the Tanzanian education system as a theoretical construct

Bakulina S.Y., Bondareva V.V., Pozdnyakova O.K.

Abstract

The article updates the importance of promoting the Russian language in foreign countries in modern geopolitical conditions, one of the tools of which is assistance to foreign partners in organizational, methodological and personnel support for teaching Russian as a foreign language. The importance of developing a model of organizational, methodological and personnel support for educational activities in Russian in the education system of the United Republic of Tanzania is substantiated. It is proved that the model developed is a normative model that reflects ideas on improving pedagogical activities for teaching Tanzanians Russian. The main functions of the model are explanatory, illustrative, informational and projective ones. The leading idea of the model is proposed: «Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony» (Erasmus of Rotterdam). The block structure of the model is substantiated and the content of the target, analytical-diagnostic, motivational, methodological, content-design, methodological and performance-prospective blocks is revealed. The interpretation of organizational, methodological and personnel support for educational activities in Russian in the education system of the Republic of Tanzania is argued as a set of educational resources and pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of educational activities in Russian in the Republic of Tanzania, both in terms of increasing the level of teaching Russian as a foreign language and in part of promoting the interest in the Russian language among Tanzanians. Scientific approaches to the development of organizational, methodological and personnel support for educational activities in Russian in the Tanzanian education system and the principles of their implementation are outlined, including systemic, communicative-active, competence-based and cultural approaches, the principle of integrity, the principle of structure, the principle of dynamism, the principle of completeness of information provision, the principle of compliance with the speech needs of students, the principle of didactic consistency, the principle of personal orientation, the principle of activity, the principle of dialogicity (dialogue of cultures), the principle of cultural conformity.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):235-241
pages 235-241 views

On the pedagogical conditions of the humanization of modern domestic education

Vdovin S.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of humanization of the educational process in the conditions of Russian society. The views of scientists on the humanization of education are revealed, the analysis of which makes it possible to determine the pedagogical conditions for the humanization of modern domestic education. The position on the leading role of the personality of the teacher in the implementation of the humanization of the educational process in a particular educational institution and on the importance of the image of a model humanist teacher in the professional training of future teachers is substantiated. The possibility of considering the humanization of education in the context of the needs of the individual and from the perspective of the functions performed by the teacher, the relations between the subjects of the educational process, and values is argued. The role of the student’s personality in the humanization of the educational process is revealed. The correlation of humanization and humanitarization of education is shown, in which humanization acts as the goal of personality formation, and humanitarization as a means of achieving it. The possibilities of pedagogical reflection in the implementation of humanization of the educational process are outlined. The pedagogical conditions of the humanization of modern Russian education are substantiated: determining the content of education in a pedagogical university on the basis of scientifically based ideas about the personality of a humanist teacher; orientation of the educational process to meet the basic needs of the individual; the teacher’s implementation of moral values in relations with students, while simultaneously introducing such values to the students themselves; formation of the student’s personality as an active subject of the educational process; introducing students to the humanitarian culture of humanity; development and formation of the teacher’s ability to carry out pedagogical reflection according to the criterion of humanism.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):242-245
pages 242-245 views

The specifics of teaching a foreign language to false beginners in non-linguistic universities

Ermakova Y.D., Kapustina L.V., Elizarova E.A.

Abstract

Despite recent active popularization of foreign languages in our modern society, the issue of teaching languages in non-linguistic universities still remains relevant, especially when a considerable proportion of newly enrolled students define their level of foreign language proficiency as false beginners. The authors of the study analyzed a number of national and foreign scientific papers on the issue of teaching false beginners in a non-linguistic university and noted that this issue has not been resolved yet within the context of the methodology of teaching foreign languages. Nowadays, there is an insufficient number of experiments on teaching false beginners aimed at improving their language training efficiency. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of false beginners’ language proficiency and to develop a hybrid model of teaching false beginners in a non-linguistic university. Methods of generalization and systematization (analysis of scientific literature on the research topic), abstract modeling of the situation, observation and experiment were used in the study. The research will be interesting for foreign language teachers who work with students of non-linguistic programmes of study.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):246-250
pages 246-250 views

Socio-psychological indicators of personal safety in the educational environment

Kalimullina O.A., Nichiporenko N.P.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of psychological safety of the individual in the educational environment. The characteristics of security, safety and trust in relations with teachers and peers were studied in the adolescent and youth group. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of some socio-psychological indicators of personal security in the educational environment in connection with the aggressiveness and level of depression of students. A continuous monitoring of the safety of the educational environment was carried out using the cross-sectional method through an electronic survey. Methods: A Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), a Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-24), questionnaire. Sampling: 244,143 students of 6–11 grades of schools, colleges and universities of the Republic of Tatarstan; 52,7% of boys and 47,3% of girls; age from 12 to 23 years. The risk group included 860 people with a high total index of aggressiveness and depression (0,35% of the total sampling, 64% of them are boys). The study found that students at risk group are exposed to bullying in the educational environment more often than their peers. They describe relationships with peers and teachers as unsafe and note a lack of help and support. Aggressiveness and the level of depression have statistically significant correlations (p < 0,001) with all manifestations of violence and insecurity and can serve as reliable and valid subjective markers of a person's psychological safety in the educational space. In this way, the socio-psychological indicators of psychological safety in the educational environment are the characteristics of relations between the subjects of educational interaction, personal experience of bullying, insecurity, lack of support, aggressiveness and the level of depression of students. The results of the study can be used to prevent deviant behavior among adolescents who are most vulnerable to negative social influences.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):251-257
pages 251-257 views

The content of the motivational-evaluative component of the value attitude of cadets towards a person as a subject of pedagogical reflection

Klychkov S.A.

Abstract

The article indicates the relevance of the problem of forming the value attitude of cadets of the law school of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia towards a person as a personal education that has a structure that includes cognitive, motivational-evaluative, emotional and activity components. The content of the motivational-evaluative component of the value attitude of a law school cadet of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia towards a person is substantiated as a set of values that take the form of motives for the implementation of the cadet’s value attitude towards a person and serve as criteria for assessing such an attitude. It is argued that the grounds for choosing values that form the content of the motivational-evaluative component of the cadet’s value attitude towards a person are, firstly, the orientation of the value towards another person; secondly, the requirements for an employee of the penal system, reflected in the Code of Ethics and Official Conduct of employees and federal civil servants of the penal system. The values that form the content of the motivational-evaluative component of the value attitude of cadets towards a person are identified: «goodness», «trust», «duty», «dignity», «mercy», «responsibility», «conscience», «justice», «benefit», «tolerance», «respect for another person», «honor». The characterization of these values is carried out in the context of the official activity of a penitentiary system employee, for the implementation of which cadets are being trained at the law school of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):258-262
pages 258-262 views

The influence of metacognitive skills and critical thinking on learning success (on the example of learning English)

Kupriyanov R.V., Valeyeva N.S., Valeyeva E.R.

Abstract

This study aims to identify the impact of metacognitive skills and critical thinking on learning success. The academic performance of students in the discipline «English language» was chosen as the criterion for evaluating the success of their studies. In addition, the study used the results of students' self-assessment of their English language proficiency. The study involved 104 students studying for a master's degree at Kazan National Research Technological University (Russia) and Isfahan University (Iran). To assess the level of development of metacognition among students, the Metacognitive Awareness Questionnaire (MAI) by G. Schraw and R.S. Dennison adapted by A.V. Karpov and I.M. Skityaeva was used. A questionnaire based on the Holistic Assessment of Critical Thinking (HCTSR) indicators developed by Peter A. Facione and Noreen C. Facione was used to assess critical thinking. As a result of the study, it was concluded that critical thinking has a direct correlation with the academic performance of students in the discipline «English language». At the same time, there was no statistically significant relationship between learning success and the level of metacognitive awareness in general. The study also showed that learning success is impossible without taking into account the context of the student's situation.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):263-267
pages 263-267 views

Formation of reading literacy of schoolchildren in history lessons: historiographical aspect

Kutseva E.A., Nesterov D.A.

Abstract

The article analyzes approaches to the formation of reading literacy of students at school in history lessons in both domestic and foreign historiography over the past two decades. History is one of the main disciplines for the development of reading literacy. Reading literacy is included in functional literacy, that is, a person's ability to find and apply the acquired knowledge in life, adapt to constantly changing conditions, and learn throughout life. The most important skills are to find the necessary information in a huge information flow, critically evaluate it and use it for practical purposes. The studied works present both the theoretical aspect, the components of reader's literacy, and the practical component, methodological techniques, tasks are shown, methodological recommendations aimed at the development of reader's literacy are developed. In history lessons, as part of the educational process, it is necessary to form reading literacy skills using different types of text – solid and non–solid, with different information presentation – legislative acts, memoirs of contemporaries, excerpts from newspapers, fiction, as well as actively use historical paintings, maps, objects with inscriptions (coins, medals, monetary bills, stamps, etc.). This will allow the student to receive information from various sources, compare them with each other, and critically evaluate. Using different types of tasks, including personal assessment, students learn to analyze information and apply it in life.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):268-272
pages 268-272 views

Remote support of the process of teaching German grammar using mobile applications at the university

Levina E.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the disclosure of the potential of mobile applications in the field of foreign language teaching in the context of the modernization of Russian education. The article presents arguments in favor of the use of mobile applications: improving the effectiveness of educational and cognitive activities, the formation of independent work skills, increasing the motivation of students to learn a foreign language, the formation of the ability to organize and independently plan the process of learning a language, evaluate educational activities. The article pays special attention to the potential of mobile applications in teaching grammar of a foreign language at different levels – from beginner to advanced. The author recommends using several different types of applications to achieve maximum results at the three highlighted stages of work on grammatical material. The first stage is the presentation of grammatical phenomena and the creation of basic knowledge based on the use of specific mobile applications. The second stage involves automating the use of grammatical skills through their practice in mobile applications. The third stage is the control of the assimilation of knowledge using mobile applications. The author describes an experiment in which mobile applications were introduced into the educational process. At the preparatory stage of the experiment, the learning potential of mobile applications was studied and input conditions were diagnosed. At the second stage of the study, a choice of mobile applications was made. The integration of mobile applications at the third stage was implemented in the form of remote support for teaching German grammar as part of a traditional lesson. The results of the experiment, obtained after repeated testing of the experimental group at the fourth stage, demonstrated the effectiveness of using mobile applications in teaching German grammar.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):273-278
pages 273-278 views

Competition of educational and research projects of natural science orientation as a means of developing the cognitive interest of pedagogical university students

Makeeva E.D., Makeev D.K.

Abstract

The development of the interest of students of humanitarian profiles in preparation for obtaining natural science knowledge is an urgent problem of the modern higher pedagogical school. There is a constant search and testing of techniques, means and methods to solve this problem. The article considers the competition of educational and research projects of natural science orientation as a means of developing students' cognitive interest. The authors shared their experience of organizing and conducting such a competition at a pedagogical university, as well as the results of its impact on the attitude of future teachers to obtaining scientific knowledge about the world around them. Examples of topics of educational and research projects of a natural science orientation, carried out by students studying in the humanities, as well as a list of questions that were asked to students in order to identify the nature of their attitude to the study of natural sciences, are presented. The conducted research confirmed the positive role of the competition of educational and research projects in solving the problem of developing the cognitive interest of students of a pedagogical university. The presented materials can serve as a basis for further research in the field of teaching methods of various university disciplines and the organization of independent work of students in higher education.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):279-283
pages 279-283 views

Technology of improving foreign language communication skills of master’s students majoring natural and technical sciences

Marunevich O.V., Shabashova E.V.

Abstract

The rapid development of the Internet, as well as the digitalization of almost all spheres of human life, marked the transition from an industrial to an information-technogenic society, as predicted by futurologists in the middle of the last century. The growth of the information and technological space and the intensification of production electronization put forward increased requirements for the training of specialists in the natural sciences and technical profiles, primarily engineers. The given study is focused on the actual problem of improving foreign language skills of Master’s students at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology that participates in the federal project «Advanced Engineering Schools». Despite the fact that this project is aimed at training highly qualified personnel for the exclusively Russian economy, it seems that it could be further developed within the scientific and professional cooperation between Russia and the BRICS and SCO states, which is impossible without a sufficiently high level of foreign language. As a result, we have identified the advantages of a communicative approach in linguodidactics (orientation to the practical component of the educational content, motivation for communication, maximum development of thinking skills, etc.). Besides, we have established the requirements for exercises aimed at developing students' communication skills, intellectual and cognitive abilities, and forming stable positive motivation to master a foreign language for professional, research, and teaching activities.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):284-290
pages 284-290 views

Experience of using online educational courses in teaching students of technical universities

Mendygalieva A.Y., Lopukhova Y.V., Zhuravleva O.V.

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of rethinking the use of online educational courses (OEC) in teaching students of technical universities in social, humanitarian and a number of specialized disciplines. The positive and negative aspects of the introduction of online educational courses into the modern educational process are considered. The article offers three formats of online educational courses: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), Shared Online Educational Courses (SOEC), and University Online Educational Courses (UOEC), which could successfully improve the existing system of teaching students, both in Russia and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Online educational courses (OEC) in this article are considered in a broad context and include the concepts of «electronic educational resources», «distance learning» and «online learning» in general. The authors also highlighted the positions approved by federal legislation regarding the introduction of online educational courses (OEC) in the environment of the university, offered their vision of the implementation of these documents. The authors made the following conclusions: on the one hand the use of online educational courses is a prerequisite for the successful existence of any educational organization in modern reality, on the other hand OECs (MOOCs, SEOCs, UOECs) implemented within the framework of the model of replacing part of full-time courses with exclusively distance format are not suitable for all students. The vast majority of students are still ready to study online educational courses under teachers’ supervision with the use of blended learning.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):291-297
pages 291-297 views

Principles of pedagogy of cooperation while teaching a foreign language at an agrarian university

Nikitina S.V., Pigoreva O.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the provisions of the pedagogy of cooperation formulated in the late 1980s by Russian scientists-innovators and predetermined the further development of the entire education system in Russia. It is emphasized that the principles of pedagogy of cooperation remain relevant at the present time, since their application contributes to the successful implementation of the requirements laid down in the basis of the modern Federal State Educational Standard. It is noted that the principles of pedagogy of cooperation in teaching a foreign language to students of agricultural universities can significantly increase the effectiveness of the formation of foreign language communicative competence as a component of professional competence. Thus, following the principles of pedagogy of cooperation in teaching a foreign language, due to the universality and integrativity of this discipline, makes it possible to solve training and educational problems simultaneously, which ultimately leads to the training of qualified personnel in the field of agriculture with a humanistic worldview, critical thinking, creative approach to the chosen business, capable of solving the challenges of today. Attention is focused on the importance of the teacher's role in the educational process, his ability to build subject-subject relations, to find an individual approach to each student. The principles of the implementation of pedagogy of cooperation in teaching a foreign language at the Kursk State Agrarian University are summarized, specific techniques and methods used in the classroom are presented that help create a comfortable educational environment for future farmers, as well as influence the choice of their moral guidelines.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):298-302
pages 298-302 views

Introducing teenage students of the children's art school to self-education

Smolyar A.I., Eremina A.A.

Abstract

Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the relevance of the study of the problem of introducing adolescent students of the department of fine arts of the children's school of arts to self-education is substantiated. The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study, the results of the analysis of scientific papers that reveal the concept of «self-education», the essence of the phenomenon being studied and illuminating the experience of organizing self-education of students, the age characteristics of modern adolescents and the types of hobbies of adolescent students of the children's art school (intellectual, aesthetic, egocentric; hobbies of the bodily–manual type, informative and communicative) highlighted by the authors are characterized as prerequisites for their self-education. The authors have concretized the scientific content of the concept of «introducing adolescents to self-education», interpreted in the work as the inclusion of a student in a conscious activity aimed at self-knowledge, self-change associated with the development of their own strengths and abilities in accordance with beliefs and independently set goals for the benefit of themselves, society and the state. The results of an empirical study conducted by the authors of the process of introducing adolescent students of the department of fine arts of children's school of arts to self–education during the study of the discipline «Composition» are presented, and the methods of such research are characterized. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the structure of the teacher's activity to introduce adolescents to self-education is substantiated and experimentally verified (using the example of the implementation of the discipline program «Composition» as a process of solving pedagogical tasks, including a preparatory stage, which involves the nomination of a goal; initial diagnosis, forecasting of performance results, development of the content of the program for introducing students to self-education; the main or constructive transformative stage, including the implementation of the program in the process of pedagogical interaction, intermediate control of the results of work with pupils, organization of reflection of students; and the control and evaluation stage, the content of which includes the final control of the work carried out, evaluation and analysis of effectiveness pedagogical interaction, correction of the teacher's activity); technologies and teaching methods (information and communication technologies, the «inverted classroom» learning model and art pedagogical methods) have been identified and tested, which have the greatest impact on changes in adolescents' understanding of the meaning of self-education and knowledge about it; on the adequacy of students' self-assessment of artistic and creative skills; on the development of adolescents' desire for self-education.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):303-310
pages 303-310 views

Research on the orientation of technical university students towards moral values

Soboleva E.I.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of forming the moral personality of a technical university student, which involves the rooting of moral values in his consciousness. The composition of moral values that determine the engineer’s attitude towards technology, to colleagues, and to society is outlined. The appeal to the orientation of students – future engineers on moral values is argued. Methods of scientific and pedagogical research are defined that make it possible to study the orientation of future engineers towards moral values: the method of conceptual dictionary; M. Rokeach’s «Value Orientations» methodology, the content of which is modified in accordance with the composition of moral values to which students are attached. A comparison is made of the data obtained at the ascertaining stage of the experimental work on introducing students to moral values with the data of its control stage. Differences in the knowledge of first-year students and graduates about the concepts of «morality», «value», «moral value» are revealed: first-year students are characterized by ordinary knowledge based on everyday ideas; Graduate students are characterized by reflective, scientifically meaningful knowledge. An increase in the number of students in the experimental group is revealed, correlating moral values with the axiological foundations of the process of introducing future engineers to values. The focus of graduates of a technical university is revealed not only on personal interests, but also on the interests of another person.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):311-315
pages 311-315 views

Digital technologies in the process of studying regional studies in the framework of secondary general education: problems, practice, prospects (on the example of studying the Samara Region)

Sukhorukova A.A., Buranok S.O.

Abstract

Due to the fact that the formation of an information society poses new challenges to pedagogy, the main trend of modern Russian education is a combination of traditional teaching methods and innovations. In this article, taking into account the accumulated experience in pedagogical science, the problems and features of the use of digital technologies in the educational process of studying regional studies of the Samara Region of secondary general education are considered. Based on the conducted pedagogical experiment, a sociological survey and their own experience, the authors reveal the advantages and possible disadvantages of using digital technologies such as information and communication map and 3D-modeling in regional studies lessons. The development and testing of scientific and methodological support of regional history in the educational process, taking into account the use of digital technologies, includes the following aspects: theoretical description of the digital technologies; the possibility of introducing regional studies into the educational process; description of a pedagogical experiment that showed an improvement in the quality of knowledge, the development of personal qualities and the formation of necessary competencies among students. The results of this study may be of practical interest for teachers of secondary schools and for students of pedagogical universities.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):316-321
pages 316-321 views

Formation of mediation competence among secondary school students while teaching French

Tatarina T.M., Gorbacheva M.A.

Abstract

Mediative competence defines the relevant skills of interaction, mediation and cooperation, which is important in the modern world due to international integration and globalization. However, insufficient attention is paid to it in the Russian methodology and the education system as a whole. There are no tasks for the development of mediation competence in French textbooks for secondary schools. The article examines the essence of the concept of «mediative competence», as well as the pecularities of its development while teaching schoolchildren. The article presents the author's set of mediative exercises. The methodological basis of the experimental research was the theoretical provisions of the development of mediative competence through interactive technologies. The study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 in the form of experimental lessons/parts of French lessons in the 8th grade of Petrozavodsk gimnasium № 17. 20 students took part in the experiment. The results of the study demonstrate the presence of positive dynamics in the development of mediative competence of students of the experimental group. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that little attention is paid to the development of mediative competence in Russian schools. It is necessary to introduce more tasks for the formation of mediative competence into the learning process and ensure that they are performed on a regular basis.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):322-325
pages 322-325 views

Study of the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» as a condition for training specialists for the industrial sector of the economy

Khaertdinova A.A., Maliashova A.Y., Gadelshina S.V.

Abstract

Personnel training using the tools and algorithms of the lean manufacturing concept is relevant, since improving the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises is a key issue in the development of the industrial sector of the economy. The main condition for the successful implementation of this methodology is the availability of professional competencies among specialists implementing lean manufacturing at enterprises. Updating the curricula for the preparation of undergraduates, as well as the introduction of a new discipline into the educational process, will make it possible to form a specialist who is ready to work in a lean production environment. At the Department of Innovation in Chemical Technology of Kazan National Research Technological University, the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» has been introduced into the curricula of undergraduates studying in the field of Innovation. In order to identify the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities for the implementation of Lean-methodology, as well as the possession of its tools and algorithms for implementation at enterprises, the authors of the article conducted a questionnaire survey, which showed that a systematic approach is needed to form students' competencies in the field of lean manufacturing to increase their competitiveness in the modern labor market. Studying the discipline «Lean Manufacturing» will allow to form the necessary competencies in the field of Lean-methodology implementation at enterprises and increase labor productivity.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):326-330
pages 326-330 views

Methodological approaches to teaching biological disciplines in a pedagogical university

Shilkova T.V., Yefimova N.V., Semenova M.V.

Abstract

Modern teaching of the disciplines «Histology» and «Human Anatomy» in pedagogical universities is characterized by the introduction of new methodological approaches, the use of both traditional and innovative forms and methods of teaching, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process, develop cognitive and analytical abilities of students, form personal and professional qualities of students. For the rational use of the hourly fund allocated to the study of biological disciplines, it is necessary to update the content, forms and methods of classroom training, as well as independent extracurricular work of students. The article presents the experience of implementing modern methodological approaches (problem-oriented, health-saving) using innovative forms and methods (interdisciplinary integrated laboratory classes, subject conferences, round tables, quizzes) of teaching students of pedagogical university disciplines «Histology with the basics of embryology» and «Human Anatomy». The resources of the interfaculty technopark of universal pedagogical competencies and the pedagogical technopark «Quantorium» of South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University were used in the classroom for greater visualization of the educational material on the studied disciplines. The effectiveness of the conducted training sessions using innovative forms and methods of teaching is evidenced by the results of testing students and improving the quality of academic performance in these disciplines.

Samara Journal of Science. 2023;12(3):331-338
pages 331-338 views

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies