Vol 5, No 4 (2016)

03.02.00 – General Biology

Change of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems at various cultivation systems in Northern Kazakhstan

Vasilchenko N.I., Zvyagin G.A.

Abstract

Contradictory data about impact of the minimum and zero cultivation on physical properties of southern chernozems (Chernozem) of heavy particle size distribution have caused the necessity of their studying on the territory of Akmola region. Researches of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems were conducted based on comparison of soils physical properties the virgin site with pilot allotments of deep and minimum cultivation of land, direct crops and zero technology. Reduction of content physical clay particles and silt in comparison with the virgin site revealed in the upper layer of 0-10 cm in case of all above-stated handlings. Mechanized conversions cause the activation of profile differentiation with regard to silty fraction. Descending migration from the arable horizon to subarable horizon happens in case of deep cultivation of land. This migration from layer of 0-10 cm to underlying arable layer of 10-26 cm happens in case of minimum and zero cultivation of land. The greatest deterioration in addition density of plougland in a layer of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm observe in case of the minimum and zero cultivation of land.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):10-13
pages 10-13 views

Organism chronic intoxication influence on pig intestines parasitocenoses structure changes

Ilyina N.A., Kasatkina N.M., Vilkova E.A., Zotov O.G.

Abstract

This paper deals with the quantitative and qualitative composition change of pig intestinal microflora in the presence of Candida spp . and presents a technique of Candida spp . pure cultures isolation. The authors show the role of normal intestinal microflora in disease origin and development. The paper presents the study that let the authors find a phenomenon of chronic intoxication of various severity in animals. This study was conducted with the help of the diagnostic System, authored by N.A. Ilyina (2006) during summer months on the basis of pig-breeding complexes OOO «Stroiplastmass - Agroprodukt», OOO «Kurortniy» in the clinical laboratory of the city hospital № 1 in Ulyanovsk. The authors studied the quantitative and qualitative intestinal microflora composition change in the presence of pathogenic Candida spp . and showed the correlation of chronic intoxication degree and dysbiotic changes nature of intestines microbiocenosis. The study also showed a high level of contamination of the pigs with intestinal parasites. The increase of the infestation depended on the pig organism chronic intoxication degree and the level of Candida spp . inoculation.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):14-17
pages 14-17 views

Concerning the prospects of quantitative valuing of leaf surface functional activity for different plants

Kavelenova L.M., Petrova A.B., Trubnikov A.M., Yankov N.V., Savitskaya K.A., Kravtseva A.P., Antipenko M.I., Kuznetsov A.A.

Abstract

The following paper discusses the problem of ecophysiological indicators evaluation and comparison for trees foliage formed in dynamic environment conditions. In addition to the already used methods of leaf parameters screening we propose to use one more indicator, characterizing foliage functional activity. In these aims, after performing some analytical procedures with leaf mass samples, some calculations must be made allowing to determine the quantity of active components (for instance, photosynthetic pigments, ash, etc.), per unit of leaf surface area. The prospects of proposing parameter use seem to be fruitful for a variety of purposes, including: - analysis of the seasonal dynamics features of the leaf metabolic activity; - comparison of ecophysiological characteristics of various plants (species and varieties, local and introduced objects); - reactions to stress factors, a comparison of various objects in resistance to stress. The article bases on the original data relating to the vegetation period of 2013-2015. The leaf mass samples were taken: for wild tree or shrub species - in the Krasnosamarsky forests, for fruit crops - in the gardens of Samara regional research institute «Zhiguliovskye Sady», for exotic tree and shrub species - in the dendrarium of the Botanical Garden of the Samara University. The leaf samples treatment mass procedure was performed according to the algorithm previously developed. In general, all aforementioned objects demonstrated more smooth dynamics of pigments component content per surface area unit than per mass unit. This situation seems to be connected with age-related changes of the leaf blades, saturated during the vegetative period with a certain amount of «ballast» substances or osmotically active compounds during stress periods, and so forth. The screening of photosynthetic surface unit quality allows us to note that the plants maintain a certain level of the metabolic activity of the leaf during variable weather conditions, producing a rapid «adjustment» pool of photosynthetic pigments on the basis of specific and varietal characteristics of their ecological plasticity.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):18-24
pages 18-24 views

Ecological modernization of large river basins as a factor of sustainable development of the territory (for example, the Volga River Basin and Yangtze River Basin)

Kudinova G.E., Rozenberg G.S., Kostina N.V., Rozenberg A.G.

Abstract

The paper discusses the basic concepts of ecological modernization. The process of ecological modernization in Russia is examined. One compared the progress of ecological modernization in Russia with one in the People's Republic of China on the example of the Volga basin and the basin of the Yangtze River. Provides cluster analysis of the Volga basin territory in relation to the sustainable development of the territories and why for further sustainable development in all areas of economic and social sphere, it is necessary to observe the principles of ecological modernization. Sustainable development of the Volga river basin largely determines the sustainable development towards ecological modernization in the area. The main practical steps to ecomodernization of Russian economy are suggested.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):24-27
pages 24-27 views

Application of fractal analysis for bioindication evaluation of the environmental assessment

Molchatsky S.L., Kazantsev I.V., Matveeva T.B.

Abstract

The paper analyzes the currently existing methods of bioindication studies of the environment pollution as well as studies their characteristics and applications. Particular attention from this group of methods is given to lichen indication and assessing the degree of fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf and its irregularity, because they are based on a study of the geometric characteristics of biological samples by means of mathematical processing using special software. It proves the possibility and prospects of application of the measuring method of fractal dimension for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of environmental pollution. Presented data show that the inclusion of the fractal nature of biological systems allows discovering and exploring a completely new range of phenomena in biology. The coincident of this method is provided with the goals and objectives by the appropriate mathematical apparatus. Within the framework of this approach it is possible to design and use new advanced monitoring techniques. In the final part of the paper a new concept of bioindication, which is based on a synthesis of both classical and innovative approaches to the study and assessment of environmental quality in the conditions of technogenic pollution, is proposed.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):28-31
pages 28-31 views

Succession and features distribution plant associations in row of railways

Nikitin N.A., Solovieva V.V.

Abstract

ROW is a specific man-made landscape, in which the processes of change occur in its direction and intensity. Erosion processes, in particular the processes of water erosion of soil, lead not only to changes in the soil, but the plant through changes in soil fertility, nutrient richness, and by changing moisture exchange, structure and texture of soils. The main characteristics of flora undergo structural, quantitative and other changes. Vegetation characteristics, composition of plant associations, the speed and direction of succession, from the initial stage of overgrown weeds and ruderal vegetation to sustainable tree and shrub communities also modify. An ecological and geomorphological zoning shows the prevalence of the most eroded soils in the vicinity of the web. The regularity according to which in most habitats anthropogenic disturbed grow motley-grass-wheatgrass association with a reduction of anthropogenic load becomes dominant forb meadow-grass association. The role of indication of Eletrygia repens L. was also identified as an indicator of habitat disturbance.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):31-35
pages 31-35 views

Synphytosozological assessment of pasture ecosystems vegetation in south-east Ukraine

Ostapko V.M., Shevchuk O.M., Prikhodko S.A.

Abstract

As part of the pasture vegetation of steppe ecosystems of the south-east of Ukraine we found 62 rarity formations (79% of the total number), with 338 (52%) rarity associations of dominant classification. Green Book of Ukraine includes 18 formations with 79 associations (respectively, 54% and 67% of these syntaxa of regional vegetation), and the rest of the formations and associations are rare for this region. Rare vegetation formations and their associations are listed and distributed by types of grassland steppe ecosystems. The highest syntaxonomic variety is characteristic for gully and ravine steppe ecosystems formed on eroded chernozems underlain by loess (750 associations of 81 formations), the least syntaxonomic diversity is found in above-floodplain terraced steppes on the sands (140 associations of 24 formations). The greatest number of regionally rare associations is cenotically confined to the chalk outcrops (49 associations of 16 formations). A large number of associations are stenotopic. These results suggest a high synphytosozological value of pasture ecosystems vegetation in the south-east of Ukraine, which is very important for the conservation of the steppe biome biodiversity. It should be taken into account when grounding establishment of the local reserves for biota protection, their protection regimes and performing pasture load calculations for specific areas.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):35-44
pages 35-44 views

The impact of modern transformations of the infrastructure of the city of Samara on the breeding biology of the sparrowhawk

Pavlov I.S., Makarenkov V.N.

Abstract

Since 1997, we watched the birds of prey that lived in the Samara city, and found that the most numerous and widespread in these conditions is a Sparrow hawk. During this time, the number of this type birds of increase. Now it is we value it more than 50 pairs. In urban environments, many hawks inhabit the typical places for them - woodland area of more than 1 hectare, where a lot of young trees. Not only the natural forests but artificial too. In the last 5-7 years there has been a tendency to breed hawks in atypical for their groves with a very small area in the densely populated areas of the city. In 2016, we found Sparrow hawk’s nest in a grove near the geographical center of the Samara city. Area trees no more than 0,5 hectares, it is 50 meters from the road, and 5 meters from the curb. But here the hawks successfully grow brood. 3 young hawks are haking in the and of nesting (2 females and 1 male). Thus, despite the active cultivation and development of forest parks and vacant lots in the Samara city, carried out in recent years, sparrow hawks, are here in the first place, the optimum feeding conditions, showing almost all adaptive capacity to adjust to changing conditions.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):44-47
pages 44-47 views

Trophic behavior strategy of phytophagous insects (an example of leaf beetles Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Pavlov S.I.

Abstract

The feeding behavior and feed spectra of the active life phases (imago and larvae) of 25 background species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were studied in Samara region during 1974-2014. The analysis of trophic relationships members of these insects associated with about 400 species of higher (angiosperms) plants from 50 families and 2 classes is interesting not only in terms of their agricultural value, but also when considering bioecology issues (clarification of possible contacts of the organism with the environment). The strategy of the feeding behavior of phytophagous is a complex, which includes 20 episodes of behavioral responses, focuses on the search and acquisition of food and requires choosing the right direction of the influences. Food specialization provides (in order to avoid competition between types of consumers) the existence a rich assortment of food resources and different ways of their use (herbivore and detritivore, optional - food pollen and predation, cannibalism - only 8 types). There are two groups of plants consumed by phytophagous. They are basic (normally developing larvae and imago) and additional (used by imago in unfavorable periods) plants. The search for insect food consists of three types of reactions. They are distant (coarse and fine setting) and contact reactions. Agricultural importance of leaf beetles is determined by not only damage to plants, but also the action stimulating the productivity of phytocoenosis.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):48-54
pages 48-54 views

Floristic and geobotanic features of the renaturalization process of Ust’-Sokskiy quarry

Prokhorova N.V., Makarova Y.V., Golovlyov A.A., Samykina M.V., Pankevich A.M.

Abstract

Studies devoted to artificial reclamation and natural renaturalization of the open cuts are important because of the distribution of the nonmetallic open-cut mining in the Middle Volga. The following article contains the results of floristic and geobotanical study of the Ust’-Sokskiy quarry, where the secondary plantation has been forming for the last 40 years after calciferous stock mining and quarrying. At present overgrowing Ust’-Sokskiy quarry is used as a natural testing field for exploration of the secondary anthropogenic successions, ecological, anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical and biogeochemical peculiarities of plants. 107 species of the vascular plants belonging to 83 genera, 35 families, 5 classes and 4 phyla were fixed in the quarry. 6 species from the Red Book of Samara Region were found in the composition of the local flora. Species penetration to the quarry is realized by dissemination from the nearest natural phytocenoses of Sokolii Mountains. Local flora of the quarry is significantly poorer than that of the Sokolii Mountains and differed by species composition that is explained by abiotic conditions specifics which are inherent to the technologically disturbed territory. Herbaceous and woody plants of the quarry are characterized by depressed vital condition. Modern local flora of the quarry is unbalanced and the process of its forming is continued.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):54-60
pages 54-60 views

Ecological tourist potential of Samara Region: flora resources

Saksonov S.V., Rozenberg A.G., Senator S.A., Kazantsev I.V., Vasjukov V.M.

Abstract

In article development of ecological tourism which, first of all, is based on visit of attractive and unique objects is considered. Flora conforms to these requirements fully.. For the first time 10 bases are formulated which stimulate development of informative ecological tourism (a specific variety, relic types; endemic types; the types described from the territory of the region for the first time for science; the plants recognized protected and included in the Krasnaya kniga; vegetable communities, unique by origin and to structure; zone, typical vegetable communities; places of concentration of plants in the territory of nature sanctuaries; especially valuable natural territories of federal level of protection; key botanical territories) and 5 bases which stimulate development of event ecological tourism (date of birth of researchers; dates of expeditions; dates of the organization of the centers for studying of flora; dates of the publication of the major botanical compositions; dates of the largest scientific forums). Concentration of nature sanctuaries and distribution of especially protected natural territories is described within the Samara Region. In article the generalized criterion for evaluation of the fitosozological status of these territories is used. It is noted that the Samara Region is the perspective territory for development of internal tourism where the important and defining role belongs to ecological tourism.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):60-65
pages 60-65 views

Estimation of air pollution influence on demographic and health of the population of Saratov

Tochilkina N.V.

Abstract

The article examines the impact of air pollution on the demographic characteristics of the residents of Saratov. It describes the main air pollutants that have a significant impact on the incidence of non-communicable diseases and child mortality. The author discusses the impact of complex index of air pollution and its components on overall mortality rates, mortality from cancer, respiratory diseases and the mortality rate of children under one year. The research has shown that there is a strong direct relationship between the complex index of air pollution and mortality from respiratory diseases and infant mortality rates. The author also reveals that the total mortality rate is closely associated with the increased content in the air of nitrogen oxide, the mortality rate from cancer with the increased content of nitrogen oxide and phenol, the mortality rate from respiratory diseases with excess of formaldehyde, the mortality rate of children under one year - with excess of formaldehyde and phenol. Despite the importance and relevance of such studies the author notes that it is difficult to access the information about morbidity by classes of diseases, by age and sex of the inhabitants of various administrative areas of the city. It does not enable a full analysis of the current situation and retrospective studies for its prediction.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):65-70
pages 65-70 views

Ecological-taxonomic analysis of the petrophyte flora of Ikhrek (Rutulsky district) surroundings of Republic of Dagestan

Khalidov A.M.

Abstract

The study of petrophytes, as a peculiar group of plants, is important for understanding the history of the flora and nature in general. Their ecological characteristics, taxonomic composition, geographic and genetic relationships and other characteristics carry information about the stages of development of the mountain country and its flora. Rutulsky district is a part of Highland Dagestan and borders on the Republic of Azerbaijan in the South, Akhtynsky and Kurakhsky districts in the East, Tlyaratinsky and Charodinsky districts in the North-West, Kulinsky, Agulsky and Laksky districts of the Republic of Dagestan in the North. The relief of Highland Dagestan, which is the area of our research, is characterized by a large slope, stony and rocky mountains. The following paper contains taxonomic, biomorphic, ecological analyses of petrophyte complexes of the studied area and an analysis of endemism and relict flora of petrophytic complexes. Herbarium material has helped to find the dominant family, genera and species of petrophyte complexes of the area. Biomorphic and environmental groups of petrophyte complexes have been studied. Confinement of petrophytes to different environmental conditions has been established. Endemic, relict and protected species of petrophyte complexes have been identified.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):70-73
pages 70-73 views

07.00.00 – Historical Sciences and Archaeology

Findings on the local version of Elshanskaya culture

Stavitsky V.V.

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of the local variants allocation of Elhanskaya culture. The question of the local variants allocation was first raised and substantiated in the dissertation of K.M. Andreev. Based on the analysis of ceramic traditions, he distinguished two variants of the Elshanskaya culture: the east and the west. To the east variant he attributed the settlements of Samara-Volga, the Middle Posur and the basin of the Sviyaga, to the west - the settlements of the Upper Primokshanye and Prihoperya. The uniting of elshansky monuments of Samara-Volga and Central Posur seems inappropriate. Pottery from these settlements has a number of significant differences in the ornamentation of the vessels and the technology of preparation of clay dough. By its appearance ceramics of Prisursky settlements are closer to the Antiquities of Primokshanye. Primokshansky settlements materials should be seen as a part of one-time pulse at the end of the VII Millennium BC. The further development of the local population traditions, apparently, was no longer associated with the «classical» antiquities of the Elshanskaya culture. The late materials of the Alatyrsky Posur settlements, related to the mid-VI millennium BC, apparently, should be considered in the context of the cultural tradition of the Lugovoye III - the Krasny gorodok settlements.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):74-77
pages 74-77 views

The earliest dwellings of the stone age in Smolensk and Pskov regions of Russia

Khrustaleva I.Y.

Abstract

The following paper analyzes the ancient building traditions of the upper Dvina basin. The paper deals with the earliest dwellings in the region, found on the base layer of seasonal Stone Age settlements of the Smolensk and Pskov regions: Serteya 3-3 Serteya X, Serteya XIV, Rudnya Serteyskaya and settlement Uzmen. During the excavation, these materials were isolated in a single layer of Early Neolithic Serteyskaja culture. As a result of spatial analysis of the dwellings remains on the settlements Serteya X, Serteya XIV, and studying findings correlated with these structures, the existence of Mesolithic buildings were allocate and justified within this layer. An analysis of the plans and remains of structures revealed the features of the Mesolithic - Early Neolithic transition, manifested in dwellings form changing: the transition from round to oval and subrectangular in plan that also noted by the Stone Age archaeologists, not only for the territories of the forest zone. Such changes are unlikely to be random, and probably can be considered as Neolitization element, but these assumptions still require further research and evidence.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):77-85
pages 77-85 views

Fishery in the eneolithic forest-steppe of the Volga Region (on excavation materials of Lebyazhinka VI settlement in 2013-2014 years)

Korolev A.I., Shalapinin A.A., Yanish E.Y.

Abstract

The following paper contains information about fishers’ weapons and fish bones founded in Lebyazhinka VI eneolitic settlement in the forrest-steppe region of the Volga river. We analyse materials of the second half of the IV millennium BC. The filling of pits represents dwellings with the «inner edge», stone and bone tools, animal bones of turtles, birds and fish. The importance of this studiing is in the possibility of a complex view. The purpose of this article is to analyze the fish catching, hunting and fish bones. Hunting tools are represented by bone harpoons with one, two or many teeth, arranged on one side. There are two types of fishbone hooks: whole and composite. We determined the typological features of catching tools, and moreover we determined quantitative, species, age and size characteristics of fish. The main fishes were pike and catfish, then luce, pike, perch, roach, sturgeon, sterlet. The fish sizes are medium and large, the age is about 8-10 years. We have an opinion of the way of fishing including hooks, harpoons, nets and stakes. The research will be completed with new materials.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):85-91
pages 85-91 views

Large tare vessels of the bronze age Turganic settlement in Orenburg Region

Salugina N.P., Morgunova N.L., Turetskii M.A.

Abstract

In the ceramic collection of Turganic settlement in the Orenburg region there is a group of bronze age pottery, which by its morphological and technological indicators stands out sharply from the main group of dishes. They are large size vessels with massive aureoles and distended body. The authors called these vessels «hums». The aim of this study is to identify cultural-chronological position of the specified group of dishes in the system of the antiquities of the early - middle bronze age. Within this group the authors distinguish two types. The basis for type selection was the particular design of the upper part of the vessel. The first type is ceramics from Turganic settlement and the vessel from the burial mound Perevolotsky I. Morphological and technological features, and a series of radiocarbon dates has allowed to date these vessels to the time of the yamnaya culture formation in the Volga-Ural region (Repinsky stage). The authors suggest that the appearance of such vessels should be an imitation of the Maikop pottery. It could be penetration of small groups of craftsmen or the intensification of contacts with the population of the North Caucasus. The second type of pottery from Turganic settlement is similar to the burial mound Kardailovsky I (mound 1, burial 3) in Orenburg region, in the Northern pre-Caspian, region of the Samara river, Kuban and the Dnieper. Researchers have noted the scarcity and originality of this dish. The chronological and cultural position of such vessels is determined within the III Millennium BC (calibrated values).

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):91-98
pages 91-98 views

The 7-th degree of kinship in marriages within Rurikids in the XII century

Abukov S.N.

Abstract

The question of the political situation in Rus’ in the XII century can not be considered in isolation from the relationship between the Rurikids. The marriages within dynasty of Old Russian princes, which played a very important role in the political relations of that period, were a part of political relations. However, there were religious prohibitions, which limited the possibility of such matrimonial alliances. Historians discuss about permissible in such cases, the degree of kinship in marriages. This article focuses on the role of the 7th-degree relatives in the dynastic marriages of Rurikids in the XII century. The author studied famous examples of conjugal unions between different lines of descendants of Yaroslav the Wise, and came to the deduction that such a degree of relationship was initially recognized as valid for the conclusion of such unions of ancient princes. At the beginning of the century, this tradition was connected with family of Vladimir Monomakh. Later it continued among the descendants as Monomakh and Oleg of Chernigov. During the second half of XII century within dynasty there were marriages of the 6th degree of kinship, but this practice was rather an exception. 7th degree of kinship remained closest to Rurikids in the future.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):98-101
pages 98-101 views

Acculturation strategies: a policy of francization in a context of Jesuit mission in New France in first half of the XVII century

Fedin A.V.

Abstract

Formation of the difficult and branched out network of the unions with the American Indian tribes, based on mutually advantageous economic and military-political relations was one of the main features of the French colonial regime in Canada of XVII century. As a result, in the first decades of XVII century the most outstanding representatives of secular and spiritual colonisation of New France (Champlain, Recollects and Jesuits) started working out the most effective strategy of Franco-Amerindian rapprochement and the cooperation, embodied in the program «francization», i.e., ideas of acculturation and assimilation of the native population of Canada by Frenchmen as basic means of social and economic and political development of a colony. Catholic missionaries including members of a Jesuit order were interested in realisation of this program at the initial stage of development of new territories and formation of a colonial infrastructure, as material basis of their apostolate activity among the American Indian peoples. From this point of view, «Civilisation» of Indians on the French sample was considered priority in relation to Christianization. In the process of Jesuit mission network expansion among the cores of trading and military colony partners and the Jesuit missionary transformation into the main intermediary in Franco-Amerindian relations in the middle of XVII century, on the one hand, and growth of contradictions with the secular colonial power on a wide spectrum of problems (including trade in alcoholic drinks), Jesuits began to audit initial positions of the «francization» program, resulted in 2nd half of the century to full refusal of them and the statement of a primacy of the religious reference over the cultural.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):101-109
pages 101-109 views

Bey-Bulat Taymiev as an outstanding military and political figure of Chechnya in the first quarter of the XIX century

Tovsultanov R.А., Galimova L.N.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the political and military situation prevailing in Chechnya at the end of XVIII - the first quarter of the XIX century. The authors note that the crisis of the military-political situation in Chechnya occurred after a number of regions and countries of the Caucasus joined Russia in the early XIX century. The establishment of effective control over the unconquered mountain people converted from a purely «border» problem into a strategic task for the tsarism. This task was given to General A.P. Yermolov who paid all his attention to the left wing (which included Chechnya) of the Caucasian line and Chechnya became a priority of his policy. A.P. Yermolov immediately began to carry out a rigid policy towards the mountaineers, the aim of frequent punitive expeditions was to intimidate the Chechens. A.P. Yermolov’s policy gradually led to the consolidation of different Chechen communities, primarily divided into clans and tribes. This rigid policy of the Caucasian Chechen governor in 1825 raised uprising. Bay-Bulat Taymiev headed this movement. In this connection the paper also explores the uprising of Bay-Bulat Taymiev in 1825-1826, the causes and nature of the movement of mountaineers, analyzes the causes of the defeat and the result of the uprising. The authors assess the role and significance of Bay-Bulat Taymiev in the history of Chechnya.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):109-113
pages 109-113 views

Health culture of the Central Volga area population in the XIX century

Korneeva J.V., Makarova N.V.

Abstract

The following paper considers the health culture of the Central Volga area population in the 19th century and its influence on the region economy. The authors compare necessary medical assistance at the beginning and at the end of the century and using various sources including the archival ones come to the conclusion that the state didn’t pay much attention to the organization of health care in the region economy at the beginning of the 19th century: lack of health culture which could include the necessary number of medical institutions, lack of professionally trained medical staff, rules and recommendations about a healthy lifestyle. However by the end of the century the situation had undergone positive changes - there were medical institutions with beds and rooms available enough for patients, there were charity societies with medical care for people in need; the state spent money to ensure personnel functioning and hospital equipment, as well as injections that were free for the population. At the end of the 19th century the health culture of the population became an integral part of Central Volga area economy and the country in general. It increased the standard of life as well as its quality.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):114-117
pages 114-117 views

The relationship between the Kazakhs and the peasant-migrants of Western Kazakhstan in the XIX - early XX century

Frizen D.Y.

Abstract

The relationships between Kazakhs and Russian peasants have evolved for a long time. Over the past 20 years, Kazakh historians were unable to find new methods of research on the agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan. Basically, agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan is considered as a negative process, as the Russification of the Kazakh people. The majority of Kazakh historians write in similar spirit, and hence it is quite difficult to give an objective assessment of the events. The article reveals the problem of adaptation of the Russian peasants in the Western Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the period of the Stolypin agrarian reform more than 1 million immigrants from various Russian provinces came to Kazakhstan. The tsarist government discussed the issue of agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan for a long time. The settlers began to rent the Kazakhs’ land. Settlements of Russian peasants appeared in the Kazakh steppes, and the Kazakhs began to settle near these villages. The relationship between the Kazakh population and the immigrants were peaceful. They worked together on the ground, sowed bread. Many Kazakhs began to learn the Russian language and were hired to work for Russian peasants. Labor contacts became more active. Western Kazakhstan was actively involved in the Russian market.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):117-122
pages 117-122 views

The historiography of the Kazakhs’ Junior Horde incorporation into the Russian Empire (the pre-revolutionary period)

Izbassarova G.B.

Abstract

The Kazakhs’ Junior Horde, due to external - internal political reasons was the first one who became the part of Russian Empire. Chinggizid Abulkhair was an initiator of the Kazakh society incorporation into the structure of the Russian Empire. The aggravation of the Kazakh-Bashkir, Kazakh-Kalmyk, Kazakh-Dzungar relations leads to a search for a strong overlord. At the beginning of the 18th century, after the Prut campaign, the interests of the Russian Empire moved from the Black Sea to Asia, which is south-east direction. Formation of the imperial concept, change in the concept of Russia’s historical mission on the international scene forms new strategic and political aims of the Russian Empire. The Academy of Sciences founded in 1724 by the emperor Peter I as well as representatives of local administrations started to explain to the Russian public the «acquisition of new lands» policy. The reflection of this event to the Russian historiography of the XVIII-XIX centuries is studied in this article. The attention is paid to the study of a concept of citizenship, an interpretation of its character, assessment of the Kazakh khan Abulkhair, the accession initiator by pre-revolutionary historiography representatives. The article considers views of P.I. Rychkov, A.I. Levshin, who are for the first time in their writings, on the basis of archival, authentic sources, gathered a wealth of factual material, scientifically substantiated opinions on the issue of incorporation.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):122-126
pages 122-126 views

Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century

Mukhataev P.N.

Abstract

The article discusses various meanings of «social Darwinism» from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwin’s work «Origin of species» on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spenser’s contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term «social Darwinism» usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of «social Darwinism» concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars’ interpretation of «social Darwinism».

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):126-133
pages 126-133 views

Regional and local authorities’ activity in the field of nature protection in 1918-1950s (on materials of the archives of the Middle and Lower Volga region)

Makeeva E.D.

Abstract

The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):134-139
pages 134-139 views

National-cultural associations of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region (1990s-the first decade of the XXI century)

Iagafova E.A., Shirinskikh Y.N.

Abstract

The following paper describes features of the modern cultural development of Samara region’s Azerbaijanis through the prism of public companies: e.g. Samara regional public organization «League of Azerbaijanis of Samara Region». The aim of the study was to identify the role of national-cultural associations in the life of Azerbaijanis of Samara and Samara Region. The work is based on field research materials the authors collected in the Azerbaijani community of Samara in 2015-2016. Civil society organizations have a potential to consolidate the community and ensure the reproduction of ethnocultural values in it. The results showed that, despite some difficulties in intra-ethnic communication, the Azerbaijani public organizations of Samara actively engaged in cultural and educational activities, directed both inward, that is, on the members of the community, and aimed to preserve and transmit ethnic and cultural values to future generations, as well as outside and aimed at foreign cultural environment and perception of a positive image of the Azerbaijani culture and on the creation of a positive image of the community members. Different kinds of artistic and sports groups, festive and memorable events, creating a real platform for intraethnic communication, play an important role for the consolidation of the diaspora groups members. A virtual platform and, at the same time, the «voice» of the community is the newspaper called «Ochag». The existence of several independent NGOs complicates the social life of Samara Azerbaijanis, but currently observed installation on intraethnic consolidation in public organizations of Azerbaijanis allows to count on intraethnic consolidation, on overcoming disagreements and a constructive dialogue.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):139-145
pages 139-145 views

Integration and adaptation of migrants from other cultures in the Ural-Volga Region

Khusnutdinova L.G.

Abstract

The adaptive processes of migrants are quite complex and are caused by a variety of economic, social, cultural, educational factors, and problems. An important condition for the successful adaptation of migrants is their legalization, i.e. migration registration and statutory permits (work permits or patents). Knowledge of the Russian language makes it possible to get information about employment regulations in Russia, increases the chances of obtaining legal work, reduces dependence on fellow countrymen in employment and advancement, enhances contact with the local population, ensures the implementation of the rights of migrants to vocational training, medical care and so on. Based on the results of opinion polls, as well as our own field materials collected in 2014-2015, this article examines the integration and adaptation of migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Samara, and Orenburg regions, a complex ethnic and confessional composition of the population of the Russian regions. The studied regions experienced positive gains in implementing national policies at the level of the subject of federation and the whole of the Ural-Volga region. The active and successful operation of the municipal and regional authorities led to the integration of migrants into the local community. Of course, the Ural-Volga region has a positive image, which is based primarily on socio-economic, cultural, sports and other achievements as well as on good governance at the local level. This experience needs to be studied and spread to other regions of Russia.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):145-149
pages 145-149 views

«Museum borders» and new identities

Grinko I.A.

Abstract

Benedict Anderson named museum and map the main instruments in formation of national identity. Today we see a lot of new identities but the instruments are still actual. In this article the author discusses the image of borders in contemporary museum space and its new functions. Today border in museum exposition appears in many variants (maps, pictures, elements of navigation, photo or installation) so it is interesting how this phenomenon is linked with new goals of museum in contemporary world and how it influences new communities and its identities creation. The article is based on the field materials from the museums of Eastern Europe. According to our research two main functions of border image in museum space are the visiotype of territory and hronotop of the most important events in national history. Despite its original sense and meaning today image of the border in museum can unite people and evoke empathy in visitors.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):149-153
pages 149-153 views

N.A. Berdyaev and I.A Ilyin’s anthropological concepts: intersection and rejection points

Sokina I.L.

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of historiosophical anthropological views of N.A. Berdyaev and I.A. Ilyin during the crisis of historicism when Russian thinkers were among the first to hit upon the anthropological basis of historical knowledge. The results of the comparative analysis have showed that at a certain similarity in the biographies of philosophers N.A. Berdyaev’s anthropology apotheosis is a bold breakthrough in the «religious era of creativity», the era of the third anthropological revelation. I.A. Ilyin understood anthropology in a narrower way - he paid no attention to the beginnings and ends, his dream was to see transformed, free from communism Russia, which gained a national spirit, transformed into the country of true patriots and religious-minded people with a clear sense of justice of the liberal persuasion. There is an important difference between the thinkers: N.A. Berdyaev’s Russian idea is the Messianic, I.A. Ilyin’s one is rather nationalist. In Berdyaev’s opinion the meaning is to go beyond the «Russianness» in unity, without losing their nationality. I.A. Ilyin believed that the future of Russia is a national dictatorship, whereas N.A. Berdyaev believed in Christian personalistic socialism. I.A. Ilyin was for strong government that would lead the people to a brighter future, while N.A. Berdyaev appealed to an inner catharsis of people, to the Christian overcome of internal contradictions and flaws.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):153-157
pages 153-157 views

13.00.00 – Pedagogical Sciences

Disturbed lands objects use for the formation of technical universities students’ ecological culture (for example quarries sulfur deposits «Vodinskoe» in the Samara Region)

Baranova M.N., Vasilieva D.I., Kazantseva S.G.

Abstract

The following article deals with the problem of technical college students’ ecological culture formation on the example of disturbed lands objects study. The authors describe the features of pedagogical conditions that are necessary for creation of responsible personality attitude to the surrounding environment. The authors also analyze methods allowing to develop and create students’ valuable relation to the surrounding environment. Vodinsky sulfur pit near the settlement of Novosemeykino of the Krasnoyarsk district of the Samara region was used as an object of the disturbed lands. The uniqueness of this deposit is that the biggest sulfur crystal in the world was found here. Now, besides large sulfur crystals, crystals of other minerals - a tselestin, plaster, calcite, pyrites are also found here. The paper studies the possibility of one of the available fulfilled pits allocation as a standard of a natural mineralogical museum and especially protected natural territory in the region. The paper contains an analysis of fulfilled pits structure and location and their recultivation features. The authors consider the researched territory possible influence on its modern use. This kind of object will allow future engineers to understand a geoecological situation on Earth that will help to expand the knowledge of ecological culture.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):158-162
pages 158-162 views

A retrospective analysis of structural components and management mechanisms of sports training in swimming

Vershinin M.A., Ivanova E.Y.

Abstract

The following paper deals with essential characteristics of various sides and components of sports training in swimming on the basis of a retrospective analysis of scientific and methodical literature. The authors describe a number of interrelated elements that provide a swimmer’s training mechanism and investigate the key components that reveal the content of sports training process of swimmers: training process planning; training process monitoring, athlete’s state of health; monitoring data analysis and synthesis and timely adjustments application in planning. The authors think that it is important to adjust parameters of training load during training sessions, taking into account the individual capabilities of swimmers and determining the choice of the most effective tools and methods. Specialized literature data study made the authors conclude that the design management of sports training begins with a comprehensive analysis of chosen sport current state and existing development trends evaluation in the context of specific sports activity conditions. As a result the authors note that the functioning scheme of sports training management structural components in swimming involves cyclical process management and forecasting mechanisms on the basis of timely adjustments of specific objectives and systems and correction of athletes’ dynamically changing potential.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):163-165
pages 163-165 views

Methodological aspects of specialized perceptions evaluation of young swimmers with various sports skills

Vershinin M.A., Pinyasova M.V.

Abstract

On the basis of scientific and methodical literature extensive review the authors analyze formation and development of specialized perceptions of young swimmers with different skills: a sense of time, a sense of pace and space, demonstrated both on land and in water. Two directions that are most appropriate for young swimmers’ specialized perceptions measurements are described: 1) to determine characteristics of absolute sensitivity thresholds of individual analyzers under indifferent activity; 2) to analyze specialized perceptions by performing special tasks in specific conditions of motor activities. One component of the so-called «sense of water» is «relative pitch», which evaluates a swimmer’s ability to feel water support and is calculated in terms of technique efficiency coefficient. Body position during swimming can be assessed by stroke effort efficiency factor, which shows the ability of an athlete to make the most streamlined position. As a result it is stated that special perception of tempo, time and space for young crawl swimmers do not depend on athlete age and have considerable individual differences. The results of experimental work show that there is only one sensitive period of time to improve a sense of tempo in water and on land (at the age of 10-11) and a favorable age period to improve a sense of time in water (at the age of 11-12).

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):165-169
pages 165-169 views

Sinergistical aspect of discursive foreign language competence development in future bachelors at non-language institutions in the system of higher education

Gorbunov A.G.

Abstract

The article presents an approach to solve the problem of foreign language competence development in future bachelors in non-language specialties. The author believes that modern educational curricula developers should pursue the idea to make it possible for future bachelors to perceive and produce textuality or dicourses in a foreign language and thus perform well developed discursive foreign language competence. Development of such competence requires that special educational conditions, tuition model and technique should become a part of tutorial methodology aimed at realizing a variety of approaches to form the competence in question in future bachelors in non-language fields. Revelation of such educational conditions and development of tuition model result from synergy of Philology and Pedagogy what allows to develop students’ understanding how the language of communication functions. Their advanced and high level of discursive foreign language competence make it possible for them to efficiently discuss a wide range of topics when their everyday life and professional activities are concerned. The Anglo-Saxon model of communication is being considered as an effective means to make it possible for students to slip from their native language model of communication onto the one in the foreign language. To sum up, understanding of the nature of discourse phenomenon, its systematic features, the algorithm of the Anglo-Saxon model of communication contribute a lot to well-grounded definition of the term ‘discursive foreign language competence’ in pedagogical purposes. Solution to the problem of the discursive foreign language competence development provides future bachelors with a comfortable start in their specialty on the level of international contacts as well as further educational opportunities abroad as they are able to perform advanced and high level of competence when discourse practices of Anglo-Saxon model of communication are concerned. Moreover, future bachelors’ ability to have discursive foreign language practices on their fingertips may retrospectively impact and improve their communication model in the native tongue.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):169-174
pages 169-174 views

Moral experience: pedagogical aspect

Guschina A.V.

Abstract

This article explains the importance of educating the younger generation, which is the source of the content stored in the memory of the moral value of the last moral experience; it is shown that a person with moral memory is able to decrypt the text, which contains the previous moral experience, «revive» the cultural content stored in the culture and morality of moral experience; the content of the concept of «moral experience». The author identifies the characteristics of such experiences; shows that the ideas in the mind of the person are born in the process of identifying discrepancies between the concepts of «good», «justice», «tolerance», «freedom», etc. and reality; shows how the image of moral teachers, perceived by students, distributes a moral light that, dispelling the darkness of immorality, highlights the values of goodness, mercy, justice, etc., throws «moral shadow» on the relationship between teacher and student. The author explains that the moral gravity field of teachers and students occurs in the mutual penetration of their «moral shadow»; explains the essence of the fullness of virtue, the essence of golden rule fullness; concludes that modern education should be based on the values that the student draws from the past and present moral experience.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):174-178
pages 174-178 views

Structural analysis of the identity of the individual as the basis for the organization of individual approach in teaching children with profound disabilities

Druzhinina L.A.

Abstract

The following paper considers the concepts «personality», «individual», «individuality» which are necessary for the interpretation of the concepts «individualization» and «individual approach» which in their turn are considered to be interrelated and functionally determined means of ensuring the success of social development of the personality. The author considers the views of our domestic scholars on identity and factors of its development, which are presented from different points of view, on the processes of personality development and its structure. The author also demonstrates the relation between different theories and views that reflect certain aspects of personality. The paper also contains a review of a typical personality structure in order to substantiate approaches to the study of individuality of a child with disabilities. The article shows the contribution of L.S. Vygotsky to the theoretical and experimental research of psychological nature of personality. The author emphasizes that in clinical and individual psychology there has been more interest to the ideas of A. Adler who described the development of personality at different age periods. The material helps to understand that it is necessary to study individual approach to children with disabilities, having a different structure of the defect.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):178-184
pages 178-184 views

Patriotic education system modeling at students in higher education institution with the Cossack component

Ilmushkin G.M., Aniskin V.N.

Abstract

The following paper deals with the patriotic education system modeling at students of the university with the Cossack component. The concepts of patriotism and patriotic education are defined on the historical and philosophical basis of existing definitions. It was established that effective means for the formation of students’ patriotism is the cultural and historical values of the Cossacks in Russia and its best traditions, as this phenomenon gives a university a high potential for patriotic education of youth. The authors present an efficient model of the system of patriotic education of university students with the Cossack component in which methodological approaches such as system, activity, axiological ones are implemented. Their essential characteristics are described. The constructed model is designed to provide a comprehensive solution to many social and educational problems: the formation of professional readiness of graduates, healthy lifestyles, strengthening of civil-patriotic education, physical training, the formation of readiness to serve in the army. At the same time the effectiveness of education of patriotism among students is achieved by the unity of teaching and educational activity.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):184-191
pages 184-191 views

The monitoring technique of the soldier state in the process of psycho-pedagogical training in the organization and guard duty

Kasavtsev M.Y.

Abstract

The following paper deals with the problem of military personnel training for guard duty and their moral and psychological maintenance during their duty. The division commander, being responsible for the guard personnel training should have a set of techniques, ways and methods of military personnel training for duty, while the guard chief, in addition, must be able to timely detect, identify and neutralize negative effects of stress on the personality of military personnel members of the guard. Surveys with the guard personnel revealed the contradiction between the requirements to military personnel and the actual state of psychological microclimate in the guard. It is obvious that the leveling of the stress influence on the soldier’s personality will have a positive impact on the psychological microclimate of the guard personnel, but it should be done without any damage to the combat mission quality. The author has found a solution and created a method of the soldier state monitoring in the organization and guard duty. The application of this method has improved the quality of combat mission execution by guard personnel.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):192-195
pages 192-195 views

Patriotism as a key note of Russian young education in modern society

Krylova E.L.

Abstract

The article states that patriotism is considered to be a key note of Russian youth’s education, and the complex approach in the process of patriotic thinking development is highlighted. The mechanism of patriotic education consists of methods and means of development, functioning and saving moral-ethic ideology of patriotic orientation. The article proves the significance of young education that is based on such principles as respect of historical background, love for country and for national culture, as it is youth who provides productive development of a strong country and healthy society. The connection, where the core is universal values, between prosperous future of a country and youth’s patriotic thinking is established. It is proved that true patriotism can only be aroused, but not dictated because young generation overreacts informational pressure. In these conditions, the aim of the media is to create a high quality information product adapted to the young audience. In this regard, media activity is considered as a complex of purposeful activities based on a combination of special knowledge, skills and values which develop the senses of love and loyalty to their country, readiness to defend their people, country and its interests.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):195-199
pages 195-199 views

Professionally focused training of a foreign language as the advancing factor of future oil industry workers’ preparation for work at the innovative enterprises

Larionova O.A.

Abstract

In this paper we consider the problem of searching ways for a foreign-language teaching quality improvement. On the basis of the analysis of innovations introduction dynamic as a mean to increase the competitiveness within the world industry, we revealed the necessity of the professionally focused language by specialists of oil and gas branch. The author considers this level of proficiency in a foreign language as the multipurpose tool which influences the expert, the industrial process and the employer. The author sets a task to eliminate the claim of the social order for experts for the oil innovative enterprises and the level of foreign-language training of graduates. We introduce a course «Integrative English» for future oil industry workers on the basis of integrative approach as a solution of the developed contradictions. Special attention is paid to the making of this course. The author suggests building a course on the basis of marked-out and described principles. It is noted that training in the professionally focused foreign language with application of integrative approach and selected by the marked-out principles contents will allow to create that level of English which will meet personal needs of the expert, requirement of the enterprise and will allow to bring the organization to competitive level in the world work market.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):199-202
pages 199-202 views

Didactic game as a way of creating environmental awareness among students

Lizunova E.V.

Abstract

Currently mankind needs to change attitudes to nature and ensure the upbringing and education of a new generation. The basis for mankind development should be a community of man and nature. Man needs new knowledge, new system of values that should be created and educated since childhood. In these circumstances ecological education and upbringing in the modern school should be a priority. On the level of ecological education, ecological culture depends on the question of humanity survival, a possibility of a person to stay on the planet. The system of formal and non-formal education includes a large amount of environmental knowledge and skills implementing the requirements towards the growth and development of ecological culture. This article focuses on the formation of environmental knowledge among schoolchildren in the framework of the optional course «Game-playing Ecology». Special attention in this matter is paid to didactic games as they have great teaching opportunities for formation of knowledge in the field of nature management and environmental protection. Properly constructed didactic game stimulates students’ interest and attention, develops memory, self-regulation, thinking, reinforces knowledge, skills and abilities, trains touch skills, strong-willed qualities of the child.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):202-206
pages 202-206 views

Formation of leadership qualities in students

Nikulina I.V.

Abstract

The following paper discusses the features of leadership in a student group. The author presents interpretations of leadership phenomenon that exist in domestic and foreign literature and analyzes the phenomenon of leadership differentiation role in a group. A phenomenon of leadership identification, as a mechanism of the leader influence on followers, is studied by the experimental method. As a result the author comes to the conclusion that the identification of the group takes place mainly with an instrumental or emotional leader, as a great number of identity attributes are ascribed to him/her. A self-perceptual questionnaire helps to study a social-perceptual mechanism of identification process deployment in leadership. The experimental results show that the formation of leadership qualities in students is necessary to consider the features of role differentiation in a group: the instrumental leader organizes a student group for the solution of educational and professional problems; the emotional leader takes care of favorable psychological climate maintenance in a group, strengthens the group cohesion.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):206-211
pages 206-211 views

Moral education of students in the cultural and educational space of the high school

Pupkov S.V.

Abstract

The necessity of the moral education of students of high school students as an initiation to the values of which are in the teacher-written cultural and educational space. Amended scientific understanding of the concept of «educational space» and proved that the substantive content of the notion of «cultural and educational space » gets through the involvement of the term «culture». The essence of cultural and educational space of the university lies in its multi-dimensionality, which is expressed in infinity broadcast through the channels of education and training culture as the experience of, the experience of spiritual and practical development of the world in the moral experience moral, value relationships according to the criterion limit it (experience) of the base (value of a person), by which the subject-object, object-subject and subject-subject relations are optional. The content of the cultural and educational space, formed the subject-object and subject-subject relationship, the relationship between them becomes dialectical by the object-subject relationship in which there are values that are axiological nucleus of activity, axiological form of culture. Determine the purpose of the subject-object and subject-subject relations as the content of the image of cultural and educational space, and on the basis of this mission revealed features of pedagogical activity of the teacher conducting the moral education of students: to provide storage, reproduction, broadcast culture as the experience of concluded (experience) in ostensive, imperative, axiological forms of culture, its forms-principles; organization of the work of students with cultural forms; student organization ascent from axiological forms of culture its forms-principles; transfer of experience of spiritual and practical development of morality in the world, the experience of behavior and activity, experience, moral, value relations.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):211-216
pages 211-216 views

Influence of dynamics of students professional motives by means of a foreign language

Rudneva T.I., Khramtsova A.B.

Abstract

On the basis of Samara high school graduates life projects monitoring an issue urgency of high education institution choice and profession for the purpose of acquisition of professional competences is proved. In dynamic environment of societal life students need to acquire regulatory means for successful interaction with professional community representatives internationally that demands professional reasons formedness. Educational and informative activity of students is the most important means of students’ quality training improvement. In recent years researchers even more turn to study of training outcome which depends on the applied pedagogical means. Interest in studying of vocational training result from such subjective characteristic as motivation of high education receiving is unreasonably underestimated. Results of this research reflect new tendencies of modern high education: the integration processes setting new productive characteristics of vocational education quality - aspiration for career development, interest to creation of personal development trajectory. First and second year students survey results prove that set of educational means when studying foreign languages promotes revitalizing not only student cognitive activity but also reinforcement of professional competences acquisition requirement allowing to implode into professional association. As a result the foreign language becomes an evolvement means of professional motivation and the mechanism of linguistic identity formation that is successfully socialized in international professional area. The methodical aspect of a problem is presented by conditions of a foreign language acquisition: verbal and semantic, thesaurus, pragmatical. The comparative analysis of experimental work results confirms the expediency of students’ readiness formation for integration into new type of social reality in the course of communicative education. It is proved that the result of communicative education is achieved by integration of two models (the model of the linguistic identity and model of professional activity) that is assisted by means of a foreign language.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):216-220
pages 216-220 views

Activity specifics of educational institutions peripheral staff in the conditions of education modernization

Sanko A.M.

Abstract

The following article deals with the change of professional activity content of educational peripheral staff in conditions of higher education modernization and structural changes of historically developed traditions of activity management organization in the higher educational institution in the course of their merger (on the example of two Samara universities merger - higher educational institution that gives education in the sphere of classical natural sciences and humanities and higher educational institution that educates specialists for narrow high-technology, being strategically important for the national defence capability branch). The author describes the content and essence of educational peripheral staff social and technological activity and difficulties appearing at the rearrangement from one activity (communication) to another (work with software programs and services). The author also shows the role of adequate cooperation of educational peripheral staff of all organization departments for activity management effective organization of the university and presents the results of educational peripheral staff activity analysis. The obtained materials can serve as the basis for the interacademic further training courses organization for educational peripheral staff and further monitoring of their activity effectiveness for the educational institution management.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):220-224
pages 220-224 views

Features of a competency approach to the university education content implementation

Semenova N.N.

Abstract

The following paper deals with the reasons for the reorganization of the educational system, as well as the reasons for updating the content of education and technology. The author describes the goals of modern education, the problems of future teacher training, the problems of the Russian education system modernization, requirements for graduates of higher education institutions, the reasons of the transition from the knowledge and skills to competences, the content of the competence concept with respect to educational activities, the problems of professional competence development at graduates whose major is Teacher Education, the process of future teacher professional competence development. The author states that the competence approach implementation will affect the quality of education. The paper also deals with the problem of raising the level of future teacher professional competence. Crucial competencies are described. The paper contains the definition of professional competence, focusing on the professional competence of the teacher, the definition of value-semantic competence, general cultural competence, educational and cognitive competence, informational competence, communicative competence. The article analyzes the problems of competence-based approach implementation in the educational system, as well as the necessity of educational activities content change in higher education institutions.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):224-228
pages 224-228 views

Control facilities quality of students’ independent work

Strekalova N.B.

Abstract

The following paper deals with the independent work of students as an important factor of modern higher education. The author describes specifics and features of students’ independent work accomplishment in the conditions of electronic training, distant education forms expansion and educational process transfer to the Internet. The essence of students’ independent work and influence of educational risks of different nature on it is determined. Taking into account the international standards ISO determining the main task of quality assurance as management of risks arising during its achievement, students’ independent work quality can be provided with pedagogical controls. Search of pedagogical controls quality of students’ independent work was performed in Tolyatti Academy of Management where they have been applying the open information and education environment for more than 10 years. The research results showed that effective management of students’ independent work quality in new conditions of its accomplishment requires implementation of three different types of management - mediated pedagogical, self-government and co-managing, as well as different pedagogical means. The received materials can form a basis for quality improvement of students’ independent work as well as of the higher education in general.

Samara Journal of Science. 2016;5(4):228-232
pages 228-232 views

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