The road from Jerusalem to Jaffa and the subsequent transfer by ship to Odessa according to the memoirs of the pilgrims of the last third of the XIX century

The features of the return of pilgrims from Palestine to their homeland to Russia are considered, in the context of the first two stages: from Jerusalem by land to the coastal port of Jaffa and crossing from the coast of Jaffa to the ship following the course to Odessa. The study is based on travel notes and memoirs of four travelers who traveled to the Holy Land in the last third of the 19th century. A female view of moving from Jerusalem to the Mediterranean coast and further crossing by boat to a steamer standing on a roadstead near the port is presented. All the difficulties and experiences that fans had to face in the first two stages of returning to their homeland are shown. It is noted that until August 1892, pilgrims had to make an equestrian passage (in a carriage or on horseback) from Jerusalem to Jaffa, and later, when the train was launched, the pilgrims did not experience any difficulties in moving from one city to another. It is concluded that it was quite difficult for travelers to cross from shore to ship, which is confirmed by the description of the second stage of the trip for all four fans. This was due, first of all, to the constant excitement at sea, which did not allow longboats to freely transport pilgrims to steamboats.