THE SEMANTIC OF LEXEME ‘WEATHER’ AT THE SYSTEM OF THE SAMARA REGION DIALECTS

The article attempts modeling a semantic field 'Weather', which occupies an important place in the dialect space of Samara dialects. The connection of relationship types of polysemy and synonymy with their areal characteristics which was identified in the study is relevant to the general theory of linguistic geography. The cartography of dialectal semantic differences on the materials of the Samara dialects was held for the first time. The study developed a technique of mapping dialect semantic differences in the dialects of the late settlement territories, which is known to be characterized by heterogeneity of the composition and intensity of linguistic processes. In consequence of the formulating questions specificity in Dialectological atlas of Russian language, The results of a survey, conducted in accordance with the "Program of gathering information for the compilation of dialectological atlas the Russian language” in the section" Vocabulary", didn’t allow to carry out a full-scale simulation of the semantic field "Weather" because they do not include all meteonyms functioning in the Samara region. In this connection, the reconstruction of the field at the first stage is limited to the analysis of lexical-semantic variation within the microstructure of polysemantic lexeme “weather” in Samara dialects and actualization of oppositions, in which different word meanings enters. Analysis of the material revealed a hierarchy within the tested semantic field. The common meaning of the lexeme weather ('state of the atmosphere') and its particular hyponymic meanings ​​('good weather', 'bad weather', 'it is snowing') are represented, which correlate with widespread meaning 'clear sunny weather', expressed by a dialect lexeme “fine weather”and generating dense areas in the region territory. Depicted patterns of lexical-semantic variation provide a basis for further theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of the high form variance and word contents in the dialect system.