MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST TRANSBAIKAL

The microbiological researches in chestnut soil of South-West Transbaikalia occurring under peculiar natural-climatic conditions have been studied. Seasonal study of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria (saprophytes, proteolytics, cellulolytics), actinomycetes and fungi in chestnut soil has been carried out which showed a rather broad distribution and fixation of microorganisms through the whole soil profile. These groups (to 106C/g) were mostly observed in the top horizons of soils due to the high content of humus (2,91-4,94%), roots, and also regular condensation of atmospheric moisture. Down the profile the number of bacteria and fungi was generally decreasing by 1-3 orders. Feature of the studied soils was the broad distribution of actinomycetes through the whole soil profile and also increased of their number by1-2 orders in the mineral horizons (3 and 4 sites). The higher density of microorganisms was observed in summer (in its second half) and early autumn periods, which are more favorable because of hydrothermal indicators for vital activities of microorganisms in all researched ecosystems. The number of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi indirect evidence of their large enough role in mineralization processes.