Application of effervescent tablets based on magnetic charcoal for the preconcentration and determination of dichlorophenoxycarboxylic acids and their metabolites by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in soils and natural waters

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A method for obtaining effervescent tablets, consisting of magnetic carbon, tartaric acid, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and their use for the adsorption of dichlorophenoxycarboxylic acids (DCPA)—2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acids and their metabolites—2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol is proposed. The tablets are immersed in an analyzed solution with a neutral reaction medium. To analyze soils, extraction with an alkali solution followed by the neutralization of the extract is carried out. After CO2 separation is completed, the sorbent is removed with a neodymium magnet and the analytes are desorbed with acetone. The acetone extract is evaporated under a stream of nitrogen, and the concentrate is analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The method was tested on model systems—samples of river water and typical chernozem, which were artificially contaminated with DCPA and chlorophenols (CP). In analyzing river waters, the limits of determination for DCPA are 0.7–0.9 μg/L, for CP—40 ng/L. In soils, the limit of detection is 3–4 and 0.1 μg/kg for DCPA and CP, respectively.

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Sobre autores

K. Sypko

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies; North Caucasus Federal University

Email: goubinne@mail.ru
Rússia, 394036, Voronezh; 355017, Stavropol

A. Gubin

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: goubinne@mail.ru
Rússia, 394036, Voronezh

P. Sukhanov

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Email: goubinne@mail.ru
Rússia, 394036, Voronezh

A. Kushnir

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Email: goubinne@mail.ru
Rússia, 394036, Voronezh

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2. 1. Preparation and application of effervescent tablets for sorption of dichlorophenoxycarboxylic acids and chlorophenols: (a) forms for pressing tablets, (b) appearance of tablets based on Fe3O4/C, (c) dissolution and mixing due to CO release, (d) extraction of Fe3O4/C with a neodymium magnet after sorption concentration.

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3. 2. The degree of extraction (R, %) of dichlorophenoxycarboxylic acids and chlorophenols, depending on the duration of sorption with (a) magnetic and (b) non-magnetic carbon and (c) the composition of the tablets (the numbers correspond to the composition given in Table 1).

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4. 3. The zeta potential of Fe3O4/C sorbent (1) and coal (2) obtained by a similar algorithm from rice husks.

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5. 4. Chromatogram of a model sample of (a) river water and (b) soil contaminated with dichlorophenoxy carboxylic acids and chlorophenols. Peak identification: 1 – 4-HF; 2 –2.4-DHF; 3 – 2.4-D; 4 – 2.4-DP; 5 – 2.4-DM.

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6. Fig. 5

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