Relic cryogenic microrelief of the zavolzhye-urals region

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The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region on the elevated erosion-denudation surfaces of the East European Plain (Bugulminsko-Belebeevskaya Upland, Obshchy Syrt and the Subural plateau), denudation basement plains of the southern Trans-Urals (Uralo-Tobolsk plateau) and low mountains of the Southern Urals. The leading role of relict cryogenic processes in its formation is assumed. The morphological and morphometric indicators of the relict permafrost relief (polygonal-block; longitudinal-strip (delley); merged-polygonal and reduced; hilly-depressions microrelief, etc.) are described, and new types of relict cryogenic microrelief (RCM) for the Zavolzhye-Urals region are established and characterized for the first time. The uniqueness of the paleocryogenic genesis of landscape complexes to the steppe zone is confirmed. In drained areas composed of Upper Cretaceous rocks, the microrelief is represented by “chalk polygons”; in areas composed of dispersed rocks – “tufurs”; on Trans-Ural variegated weathering crusts of loamy-clayey composition – “palsa”, on gypsisol- hilly-depressions forms. For the first time in the steppe zone, beaded streams forms have been identified as a type of relict cryogenic relief. The connection has been established between areas with various types of paleocryogenic microrelief and modern relief, geomorphological position and composition of surface sediments. The result of this research was the map-scheme “Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region” on a scale of 1:2 500 000.

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作者简介

A. Ryabukha

Institute of Steppe of the Ural Branch of the RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: annaryabukha@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Orenburg

I. Streletskaya

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Email: annaryabukha@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

D. Polyakov

Institute of Steppe of the Ural Branch of the RAS

Email: annaryabukha@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Orenburg

I. Kovda

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: annaryabukha@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region. (a) – polygonal-block microrelief; (б) – gully-beam network formed during the thawing of polygonal ice wedges; (в) – longitudinal-strip microrelief; (г) – block and block-depression microrelief; (д) – paleoalas with a polygonal lattice at the bottom of the lake basin surrounded by polygonal block microrelief; (е) – depression microrelief.

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3. Fig. 2. Hilly-depressions microrelief: (а, б) – on gypsisol; (в–д) – on marine clays of the Bathonian stage of the Jurassic system, overlain by baled clays and loams; (е) – on sandy deposits of river terraces.

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4. Fig. 3. Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region: (а–г) – chalky polygons; (д, е) – tufurs.

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5. Fig. 4. Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region: (a–г) – palsa on weathering crusts; (д) – polygonal microrelief on weathering crusts; (е) – frost sorting of large material “stone rings”.

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6. Fig. 5. Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region: (а, б) – polygonal and polygonal-hilly microrelief in the flat-bottomed dry interstitial valleys of the Huberlin mountains; (в) – beaded streamsin the River valley Bashkirka; (г) – beaded streams in the River valley Kindelka; (д) – beaded streams in the River valley Kindelka, surrounded by polygonal block microrelief; (е) – knee-shaped bends of the channel in the upper reaches of the Salmysh River.

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7. Fig. 6. Мap “Relict cryogenic microrelief of the Zavolzhye-Urals region”. Types of relict cryogenic microrelief (1–9): 1 – polygonal-block; 2 – longitudinal-strip; 3 – block and block-depression; 4 – merged-polygonal and reduced; 5 – depressions forms (а – shallow- depressions, б – paleoalas); 6 – hilly-depressions microrelief (а – on gypsisol, б – on marine clays of the Bathonian stage of the Jurassic system, overlain by baled clays and loams, в – on sandy deposits of river terraces); 7 – polygonal-hilly (а – chalk polygons, б – tufurs, в – palsa); 8 – complex of polygonal and polygonal-hilly microrelief in the flat-bottomed dry interstitial valleys of the Huberlin mountains; 9 – beaded streams; genetic types of relief (10–14): 10 – erosion-denudation plain; 11 – denudation basement plain; 12 – accumulative alluvial plain; 13 – accumulative lacustrine-alluvial plain; 14 – small hills; 15 – sites for studying the relict cryogenic microrelief (in the inset).

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