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T-shaped antler axes on the territory of Belarus

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1. Title Title of document T-shaped antler axes on the territory of Belarus
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vashanov; Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Belarus
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Anna Andreevna Malyutina; Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Federation
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Mariya Ivanovna Tkacheva; Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Belarus
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Evgenia Sergeevna Tkach; Institute of History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Federation
3. Subject Discipline(s)
3. Subject Keyword(s) Mesolithic; Early Neolithic; Belarus; Forest Neolithic; Western Bug; location; antler items; red deer; elk; complex analysis; choice of raw materials; processing technology; primary treatment; preform; secondary treatment; macrotraces; traceology; function; typology; chronology
4. Description Abstract

T-shaped antler axes are widely represented in Western Europe, both by occasional findings and materials from well researched settlements. This type of axe is most often found on the Ertebelle culture sites in Denmark and on the northern coast of Germany. Products of this type are also known in the context of the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlements in the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium. At the time of writing, 21 T-shaped antler axes are known in Belarus, as well as their production waste. The tools come from 11 locations. All locations are situated in western Belarus, in the basins of the Western Bug and Neman rivers. The presented artefacts have been found accidentally in river channels or in the coastal, often flooded zone. The locations do not have a clearly defined cultural and chronological context. In the location of Mikhnevichi, a few specific axe production wastes of this type have been discovered, indicating the existence of local production of these tools. In this connection, the authors of the study have suggested that there should be a connection between antler T-axes and Neolithic forest cultures of western Belarus. The paper presents the results of a complex analysis of T-shaped antler axes from the territory of Belarus with a detailed description of each artifact. Most of the materials are published for the first time.

5. Publisher Organizing agency, location Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
6. Contributor Sponsor(s)
7. Date (DD-MM-YYYY) 30.11.2020
8. Type Status & genre Peer-reviewed Article
8. Type Type Research Article
9. Format File format
10. Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/59477
10. Identifier Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.17816/snv202094201
10. Identifier Digital Object Identifier (DOI) (PDF (Rus)) 10.17816/snv202094201.t42678
11. Source Title; vol., no. (year) Samara Journal of Science; Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
12. Language English=en ru
13. Relation Supp. Files Figure 1 - Location near the village of Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries). 1, 2 - fragments of the basal parts of the antler of a red deer with traces of incised grooves. Waste from the production of T-shaped axes (photo: A.N. Vashanova) (37KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31403
Figure 2 - Location near the village of Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries). Fragment of the distal part of the antler of a red deer (crown) with an annular cut groove. Waste from the production of T-shaped axes. a - closeup of the cut groove (photo: A.N. Vashanova) (52KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31404
Figure 3 - Map of locations of horn T-shaped axes on the territory of Belarus: 1 - Brest; 2 - Gozha; 3 - Stone 8; 4 - Corozichi; 5 - Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries); 6 - Morino; 7 - Filipovichi; 8 - Pugachevo; 9 - Staves; 10 - Shchebrin; 11 - Yamno (74KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31405
Figure 4 - T-shaped axes: 1 - Brest; 2 - Gozha village; 3, 4 - village Korozichi (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko) (112KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31406
Figure 5 - T-shaped ax made of elk horn. Site Stone 8 (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko) (108KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31407
Figure 6 - T-shaped axes: 1–6 - v. Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries) (1 - [1, Fig. 1: 5]; 2 - [1, Fig. 1: 1]; 3–6 - Fig. O. V. Petrushenko) (131KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31408
Figure 7 - T-shaped axes: 1-3 v. Mikhnevichi (Smorgon quarries); 2: a - general view; b - a macro photo of the traces of cutting an annular groove when cutting horn (drawing by O.V. Petrushenko; photo: A.N. Vashanov) (72KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31409
Figure 8 - T-shaped axes: 1 - v. Morino; 2 - the village of Pugachevo; 3 - d. Stavy; 4 - D. Shchebrin (drawing by O. V. Petrushenko) (107KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31410
Figure 9 - T-shaped axes: 1 - Shchebrin village; 2-3 - village Yamno (drawing by O. V. Petrushenko; photo: A. N. Vashanov) (77KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31411
Figure 10 - Map of the ways of penetration of the tradition of the production of T-shaped axes on the territory of Belarus: 1 - the area of the Pripyat-Neman culture, 2 - the area of the Dnieper-Donetsk culture, 3 - the area of the Upper Dnieper culture, 4 - the area of the Narva culture, 5 - the area of the comb-pit culture (cultural situation in the Neolithic according to Mikh.M. Chernyavsky [32, Fig. 2]) (110KB) doi: 10.17816/snv202094130.f31412
14. Coverage Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.)
15. Rights Copyright and permissions Copyright (c) 2021 Vashanov A.N., Malyutina A.A., Tkacheva M.I., Tkach E.S.
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