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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Samara Journal of Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Samara Journal of Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самарский научный вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-4370</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3016</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55355/snv2026151202</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The first experience of studying charred deposits from ceramics of the Eneolithic era of the Middle Don (V – early IV millennium BC)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первый опыт изучения нагаров с керамики эпохи энеолита Среднего Дона (V – начало IV тыс. до н.э.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Alexandrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of chemical sciences, senior researcher of Climate Research Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории климатических исследований</p></bio><email>svetlanrychkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorobogatov</surname><given-names>Andrey Mikhailovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоробогатов</surname><given-names>Андрей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of historical sciences, researcher of Archaeology of Central Asia and the Caucasus Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник отдела археологии Центральной Азии и Кавказа</p></bio><email>a.m.skorobogatov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С.П. Королёва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт истории материальной культуры РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Platonova S.A., Skorobogatov A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Платонова С.А., Скоробогатов А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Platonova S.A., Skorobogatov A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Платонова С.А., Скоробогатов А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/705945">https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/705945</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The publication presents the results of lipid analysis of charred deposits from ceramics originating from the layers of the Eneolithic era from the multilayered stratified site Cherkasskaya-3. Charred deposits from samples from 37 fragments of vessels, most of which belong to the Eneolithic era, were subjected to gas chromatographic analysis. From the upper layer of the site (the first quarter of the fourth millennium BC), 12 samples were taken from ceramics of the late stage of the Srednestogovskaya (Dereivskaya) culture; from the middle layer, 10 samples from ceramics of the Srednestogovskaya culture and three from the late Neolithic were used for analysis.; From the lower layer there are 9 samples of ceramics of the Nizhnedonskaya culture of the Early Eneolithic of the Mariupol cultural and historical region, one sample of the Syncretic Cherkassy type, the Neolithic Dnieper-Donetsk type and ceramics of the Early Neolithic Cherkassy type-5. An archaeozoological analysis showed the presence of a small number of bones of sheep/goats and cattle (6 samples) in the upper and middle layers. No bones of domestic fauna were found in the lower layer, on the investigated area of 42 m². The results of the gas chromatographic analysis of charred deposits and their interpretation showed the presence of signs of dairy products contained in ceramic samples from all three cultural layers of the site, including samples from the Early Eneolithic and occasionally Neolithic.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В публикации приводятся результаты липидного анализа нагаров с керамики, происходящей из слоев эпохи энеолита с многослойной стратифицированной стоянки Черкасская-3. Газохроматографическому анализу подверглись нагары с образцов от 37 фрагментов сосудов, большинство из которых принадлежит эпохи энеолита. Из верхнего слоя памятника (первая четверть IV тыс. до н.э.) было отобрано 12 образцов с керамики позднего этапа среднестоговской (дереивской) культуры; из среднего слоя для анализа привлечено 10 образцов с керамики среднестоговской культуры и три – пережиточного неолита; из нижнего слоя происходит 9 образцов керамики нижнедонской культуры раннего энеолита Мариупольской культурно-исторической области, по одному образцу черкасского синкретического типа, неолитической днепро-донецкого облика и керамики раннего неолита типа Черкасской-5. Археозоологический анализ показал наличие в верхнем и среднем слоях единичных костей мелкого и крупного рогатого скота (6 ед.). В нижнем слое, на исследованной площади в 42 м², костей домашней фауны не обнаружено. Результаты газохроматографического анализа нагаров и их интерпретация показали наличие признаков молочных продуктов, содержащихся в образцах керамики из всех трех культурных слоев памятника, включая образцы раннего энеолита и единично – неолита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Eneolithic</kwd><kwd>Middle Don</kwd><kwd>site</kwd><kwd>stratigraphy</kwd><kwd>archaeological culture</kwd><kwd>ceramics</kwd><kwd>charred deposits</kwd><kwd>lipids</kwd><kwd>gas chromatographic analysis</kwd><kwd>cattle breeding</kwd><kwd>dairy products</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энеолит</kwd><kwd>Средний Дон</kwd><kwd>стоянка</kwd><kwd>стратиграфия</kwd><kwd>археологическая культура</kwd><kwd>керамика</kwd><kwd>нагар</kwd><kwd>липиды</kwd><kwd>газохроматографический анализ</kwd><kwd>скотоводство</kwd><kwd>молочные продукты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 25-28-01292) «Становление и развитие производящего хозяйства на Среднем Дону в эпоху энеолита» (руководитель проекта – А.М. 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