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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Samara Journal of Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Samara Journal of Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самарский научный вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-4370</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3016</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34552</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/snv202091205</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Sciences and Archaeology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические науки и археология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The extinct Calusa tribe as the hegemon of the South Florida in the XVI-XVII centuries: reasons for its military leadership among other aborigines of Florida</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вымершее племя калуса как гегемон Южной Флориды в XVI-XVII веках: причины его военного лидерства среди других народов Флориды</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashrafyan</surname><given-names>Konstantin Eduardovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашрафьян</surname><given-names>Константин Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of Archaeology, Ancient History and History of the Middle Ages Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры археологии, древней истории и истории средних веков</p></bio><email>kea6465@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Region State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный областной университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 9, NO1 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">2020. Т. 9, №1(30)</issue-title><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Ashrafyan K.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Ашрафьян К.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ashrafyan K.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ашрафьян К.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/34552">https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/34552</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The result of this work was the identification and designation of several cornerstones in the deep thousand-years history of the aboriginal society of South Florida - the Calusa Indians, who led this people to the leader position in the region. The results of the study combined and used numerous of old written sources that mention various points of contact between Spaniards and disappeared civilizations, as well as new documents - books and dissertations, thesis of leading professors of Florida and the United States, dedicated to the extinct peoples of the Florida region. In addition, artefacts and reconstructions of local life in South Florida were investigated, studying them during numerous visits to Florida museums by the author. It has been hypothesized that there is an important link between the creation of large dwellings among the Calusa people and their way of life as a fishing-hunting-gathering society with the mobile organization of the armed forces and the mobility of the entire community in the face of annual Florida natural disasters. The result of the work was also an elimination of the «white spot» in the Soviet and Russian scientific literature about a fairly ancient and atypical settled people of fishermen-hunter-gatherers when covering the events of the era of great discoveries and the collision of two worlds during the Spanish conquest.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Результатом работы явилось выявление и обозначение нескольких краеугольных моментов в глубокой тысячелетней истории общества аборигенов Южной Флориды - индейцев калуса (калуза), которые привели этот народ в положение лидера в регионе. В результате исследования были объединены и использованы множественные старые письменные источники, упоминающие различные моменты соприкосновения испанцев с этой исчезнувшей цивилизаций, а также использованы новые документы - книги и диссертации ведущих профессоров Флориды и США, занимающихся проблемами исчезнувших народов региона Флориды. Помимо этого были изучены артефакты и реконструкции жизни аборигенов Южной Фориды при многочисленных посещениях музеев Флориды самим автором статьи. Была выдвинута гипотеза о важной зависимости между созданием больших многонаселенных жилищ у народа калуса, их образом жизни как рыболовов-охотников-собирателей и мобильной организацией военных сил, мобильностью всего общества в условиях ежегодных стихийных катаклизмов Флориды. Результатом работы явилось также удаление «белого пятна» в советской и российской научной литературе о достаточно древнем и нетипичном оседлом народе рыболовов-охотников-собирателей при освещении событий эпохи Великих открытий и столкновения двух миров во время испанской конкисты.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Calusa</kwd><kwd>colonization</kwd><kwd>conquistadors</kwd><kwd>Christianization</kwd><kwd>atlatl</kwd><kwd>mount Key</kwd><kwd>natives</kwd><kwd>Central Florida</kwd><kwd>Florida</kwd><kwd>Indians</kwd><kwd>North America</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>Caloosahatchee</kwd><kwd>Key Marco</kwd><kwd>Hernando de Fontaneda</kwd><kwd>Spanish crown</kwd><kwd>Ponce de Leon</kwd><kwd>Carlos</kwd><kwd>Estero Bay</kwd><kwd>Antilles</kwd><kwd>Indians</kwd><kwd>Florida coast</kwd><kwd>Tampa</kwd><kwd>estuary</kwd><kwd>society of fishermen-hunter-gatherer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>калуса</kwd><kwd>калуза</kwd><kwd>колонизация</kwd><kwd>конкистадоры</kwd><kwd>христианизация</kwd><kwd>атлатль</kwd><kwd>Маунт Ки</kwd><kwd>аборигены</kwd><kwd>Центральная Флорида</kwd><kwd>Флорида</kwd><kwd>индейцы</kwd><kwd>Северная Америка</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>калусахатчи</kwd><kwd>Ки Марко</kwd><kwd>Эрнандо де Фонтанеда</kwd><kwd>испанская корона</kwd><kwd>Понсе де Леон</kwd><kwd>Карлос</kwd><kwd>залив Эстеро</kwd><kwd>Антильские острова</kwd><kwd>индейцы</kwd><kwd>побережье Флориды</kwd><kwd>Тампа</kwd><kwd>эстуарий</kwd><kwd>общество рыболовов-охотников-собирателей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Royal W.R. 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