Samara Journal of ScienceSamara Journal of ScienceСамарский научный вестник2309-43702782-3016Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education32147010.55355/snv2022114208Historical SciencesИсторические наукиResearch ArticleThe activity of G.M. Malenkov in the USA State Department evaluationsДеятельность Г.М. Маленкова в оценках Государственного департамента СШАMamedovZaur Imalverdi oglyМамедовЗаур Ималверди оглы
Russian Federation

postgraduate student of World History, Law and Teaching Methods Department

аспирант кафедры всеобщей истории, права и методики обучения

mamedov.zaur.1993@gmail.comSamara State University of Social Sciences and EducationСамарский государственный социально-педагогический университет011220221142092171903202319032023Copyright ©; 2022, Mamedov Z.I.Copyright ©; 2022, Мамедов З.И.2022Mamedov Z.I.Мамедов З.И.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/321470

This paper discusses the process of evaluating the activities of Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov by the USA State Department and people associated with it. On the basis of documents available to the American Foreign Office, an analysis is made of the perception of the personality of this Soviet leader. The paper traces the evolution of points of view regarding his position in the political hierarchy in the USSR, G.M. Malenkov’s influence on the domestic and foreign policy of the state. The paper identifies the features of the analytical intelligence of the State Department on this issue. Telegrams, letters and memorandums provide an opportunity to trace the vision of diplomats, officials, politicians in contact with this department, the causes and consequences of G.M. Malenkov’s elevation to the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and his final removal from the Soviet leaders. The sources allow us to explore a retrospective analysis of his activities based on the reports of American ambassadors. The overall body of evidence demonstrates the importance of a personal approach in assessing Soviet leaders, not only for the State Department, but also for the USA President, the National Security Council, the CIA, congressional committees and allied foreign diplomats. The results of the study can become a basis for scientific research on the topics of the Cold War, the political development of the USSR, and the assessment of the Soviet system by the American authorities.

В данной статье рассматривается процесс оценки деятельности Георгия Максимилиановича Маленкова Государственным департаментом США и связанными с ним людьми. На основе документов, имеющихся у американского внешнеполитического ведомства, проводится анализ восприятия личности этого советского руководителя. В работе прослеживается эволюция точек зрения относительно его положения в политической иерархии в СССР, влияния Г.М. Маленкова на внутреннеполитический и внешнеполитический курс государства. В статье идентифицируются особенности аналитической разведки Госдепа по данному вопросу. Телеграммы, письма и меморандумы дают возможность проследить видение дипломатов, чиновников, политиков, контактирующих с этим ведомством, причин и последствий возвышения Г.М. Маленкова до Председателя Совета министров СССР и его окончательного выведения из состава советских руководителей. Источники позволяют исследовать ретроспективный анализ его деятельности на основе донесений американских послов. Общий массив данных демонстрирует важность личностного подхода при оценках советских вождей не только для Государственного департамента, но и для Президента США, Совета национальной безопасности, ЦРУ, комитетов Конгресса и союзных иностранных дипломатов. Результаты исследования могут стать основой для научных изысканий по темам холодной войны, политического развития СССР, по оценке американскими органами власти советской системы.

Malenkov Georgy MaksimilianovichUSA Department of StateNational Security CouncilCentral Intelligence AgencyCIACold WarUSSRanalytical intelligenceStalin Joseph VissarionovichBeria Lavrentiy PavlovichMolotov Vyacheslav MikhaylovichKhrushchev Nikita SergeevichBulganin Nikolay AleksandrovichМаленков Георгий МаксимилиановичГосударственный департамент СШАСовет национальной безопасностиЦентральное разведывательное управлениеЦРУхолодная войнаСССРаналитическая разведкаСталин Иосиф ВиссарионовичБерия Лаврентий ПавловичМолотов Вячеслав МихайловичХрущёв Никита СергеевичБулганин Николай АлександровичПапушин А. «Пришел Маленков – поели блинков!» // Российская газета. 1995. С. 8.Олейников Д. Дворянин, секретарь ЦК КПСС // Родина. 1994. № 1. С. 15.Шевченко В. Опальные годы Георгия Маленкова // Тюркский мир. 1998. № 1. С. 18.Даниленко М.А. Партийная и государственная деятельность Г.М. Маленкова (1939–1957 гг.): автореф. дис. … канд. ист. наук: 07.00.02. М., 2005. 25 с.Пивоваров Н.Ю. Г.М. Маленков и планы энергетического развития Восточной Сибири. Декабрь 1955 года // Исторический курьер. 2020. № 1 (9). С. 235–260. DOI: 10.31518/2618-9100-2020-1-17.Foreign relations of the United States: diplomatic papers, 1945, the Far East, China. Vol. VII, 761.93/7–1545: Telegram, The Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Secretary of State, Moscow, July 15, 1945.Foreign relations of the United States, 1947, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. IV, 840.00b/10-647: Telegram, The Charge in the Soviet Union (Durbrow) to the Secretary of State, Confidential, Urgent, Moscow, October 6, 1947, 2 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. IV, 860H.00/7-748: Telegram, The Charge in Yugoslavia (Reams) to the Secretary of State, Secret, Belgrade, July 7, 1948, 11 a.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1948, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. IV, 840.811/7-2648: Telegram, The Minister in Austria (Erhardt) to the Secretary of State, Secret, Vienna, July 26, 1948, 4 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1949, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. V, 861.415/11-949: Telegram, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kirk) to the Secretary of State, Confidential, Moscow, November 9, 1949, 1 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1949, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. V, 711.61/12-2649: Telegram, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kirk) to the Secretary of State, Moscow, December 25, 1949, 1 a.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1949, Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. V, 861.00/11-949: Airgram, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kirk) to the Secretary of State, Confidential, Moscow, November 9, 1949.Foreign relations of the United States, 1950, Central and Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. IV, 761.00/11-750: Telegram, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kirk) to the Secretary of State, Confidential, Moscow, November 7, 1950, 8 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1950, Central and Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union. Vol. IV, 661.00/12–1950, Memorandum of Conversation, by the Ambassador to the Soviet Union (Kirk) Temporarily in Washington, Washington, December 19, 1950.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.13/6-2052: Telegram, № 513, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Department of State, Top Secret priority, Moscow, June 20, 1952, 3 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. VI, part 2, 661.65/7-2552: Telegram, № 730, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Moscow, July 25, 1952, 8 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Korea. Vol. XV, part 1, 795.00/7-3052: Telegram, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Moscow, July 30, 1952–midnight.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.00/1-1453: Telegram, № 539, The Chargé in the Soviet Union (Beam) to the Department of State Top Secret, Moscow, January 14, 1953, 5 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean, Implications of Stalin’s Collapse. Vol. VIII, PSB files, lot 62 D 333, PSB-40 Series, № 549, Department of State Intelligence Estimate, № 50, Washington, March 4, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, National Security Affairs, 931. Following is Info Guide Bulletin 287. Vol. II, part 2, 511.00/3-653: Circular telegram, The Secretary of State to Certain Diplomatic Posts, Confidential priority, Washington, March 6, 1953, 8:27 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.00/3-853: Telegram, № 558, The Chargé in the Soviet Union (Beam) to the Department of State, Secret priority, Moscow, March 8, 1953, 10 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Microfilm telegram files, «Moscow FY 53»: Telegram, № 559, The Charge in the Soviet Union (Beam) to the Department of State, Confidential priority, Moscow, March 9, 1953, 6 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, PPS files, lot 64 D 563, USSR, № 560, Memorandum by the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Nitze) to the Secretary of State, Top secret, Washington, March 10, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, United Nations Affairs. Vol. III, Conference files, lot 60 D 627, CF 185, United States Delegation Memorandum of the Restricted Session of the Fourth Tripartite Heads of Government Meeting, Bermuda Mid-Ocean Club, December 7, 1953, 11 a.m., Top secret strictly limited distribution, December 7, 1953, 11 a.m.Memorandum of Conversation, by Elizabeth A. Brown of the Office of United Nations Political and Security Affairs, Secret, Washington, December 21, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Eisenhower Library, Eisenhower papers, Whitman file, № 566, Memorandum of Discussion at the 136th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, March 11, 1953, Top secret eyes only, Washington, March 11, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean, Probable consequences of the death of Stalin and of the element ion of Malenkov to leadership in the USSR. Vol. VIII, INR-NIE files, № 567, Special Estimate Secret, SE-39, Washington, March 12, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Eisenhower Library, Dulles papers, Memoranda of Telephone Conversation, № 568, Memorandum of Telephone Conversation With the President, by the Secretary of State, Secret personal and private, Washington, March 16, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, State-PSB files, lot 62 D 333, PSB Documents, № 570, Memorandum by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Bonbright) to the Under Secretary of State (Smith), Top secret, Washington, March 18, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Microfilm telegram files, Moscow FY 53: Telegram, № 569, The Charge in the Soviet Union (Beam) to the Department of State, Top secret, Moscow, March 18, 1953, 2 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. VI, part 2, 740.5/3-2353, № 577, Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State (Smith) to the Secretary of State, Secret, Washington, March 23, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. VI, part 2, 611 52/4-953: Telegram, № 890, The Ambassador in Spain (Dunn) to the Department of State, Top secret, Madrid, April 9, 1953, 10 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, China and Japan. Vol. XIV, part 1, 795.00/4-2253, № 97, The President of the Republic of China (Chiang Kai-shek) to President Eisenhower, Taipei, April 15, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Africa and South Asia. Vol. XI, part 1, 745A.00/4-2753: Telegram The Ambassador in the Union of South Africa (Gallman) to the Department of State, Secret Pretoria, April 27, 1953, 6 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The Near and Middle East. Vol. IX, part 1, Conference files, lot 59 D 95, CF 156, № 50, Memorandum of Conversation, by the Ambassador in Turkey (McGhee), Secret, ST D–10, Ankara, May 26, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. VI, part 2, 765.00/6-2153: Telegram № 745, The Ambassador in Italy (Luce) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Rome, June 21, 1953, 2 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Eisenhower Library, Eisenhower papers, Whitman file, № 564, Prime Minister Churchill to President Eisenhower, Top Secret, London, March 11, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, National Security Affairs. Vol. II, part 2, Eisenhower Library, White House Office records, Project Clean Up, Report to the President by the President’s Committee on International Information Activities, Top Secret, Washington, June 30, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, Eisenhower Library, Dulles papers, № 605, Record of Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Director of Central Intelligence (Dulles), Washington, Washington, July 10, 1953, 12:40 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.00/8-1053: Telegram, № 607, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Bohlen) to the Department of State, Confidential, Moscow, August 10, 1953, 7 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, National Security Affairs. Vol. II, part 2, S/S-NSC files, lot 66 D 95, NSC 151, The Chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy (Cole) to the President, Washington, August 21, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. VI, part 2, 740B.5/11-2553, № 695, Memorandum by the Director of the Office of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs (Raynor) to the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Merchant), Top Secret, Washington, November 25, 1953.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 661.00/12-554: Telegram, № 611, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Bohlen) to the Department of State, Secret, Moscow, December 5, 1953, 7 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, National Security Affairs. Vol. II, part 2, 600.0012/1-754, Memorandum of Conversation, by the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Merchant), Top Secret, Washington, January 7, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Germany and Austria. Vol. VII, part 1, PPS files, lot 65 D 101, S/P Papers–Jan.–Feb. 1954, № 339, Paper Prepared by Jacob Beam of the Policy Planning Staff. Top Secret, Washington, January 20, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 760.5/2-1354: Telegram, № 336, The Ambassador in Greece (Cannon) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Athens, February 13, 1954, 2 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Indochina. Vol. XIII, part 2, 751G.00/10–2154: Telegram, The Consul at Hanoi (Corcoran) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Hanoi, October 21, 1954, 3 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 611.61/4–1554, № 619, The Acting Secretary of State to Representative Howard S. Miller of Kansas, Washington, April 26, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Guatemala, 136. Memorandum From the Senior Representative, Operation PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida (Dunbar) to the CIA Station in Guatemala. place not declassified, April 28, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.00/5–2754: Telegram, № 623, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Bohlen) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Moscow, May 27, 1954, 7 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, China and Japan. Vol. XIV, part 1, Eisenhower Library, Eisenhower papers, Whitman file, № 322, Memorandum of Discussion at the 216th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, October 6, 1954, Top Secret, Washington, October 6, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, China and Japan. Vol. XIV, part 1, 793.00/10-1754: Telegram, № 348, The Ambassador in the Republic of China (Rankin) to the Department of State, Top Secret, Taipei, October 17, 1954, 7 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 761.00/9-2154, № 628, Memorandum by the Special Assistant for Intelligence (Armstrong) to the Acting Secretary of State, Official Use Only, Washington, September 21, 1954.Foreign relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Eastern Europe; Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. VIII, 611.61/11-854: Telegram, № 631, The Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Bohlen) to the Department of State, Secret, Moscow, November 8, 1954, 7 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Memorandum of Discussion at the 234th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, January 27, 1955. Washington, January 27, 1955.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Diary Entry by the President’s Press Secretary Hagerty, Washington, February 8, 1955.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Memorandum of Discussion at the 236th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, February 10, 1955.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Foreign aid and economic defense policy. Vol. X, Memorandum From the Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency (Amory), to the Chairman of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy (Dodge), Washington, February 10, 1955.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, China. Vol. II, Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, February 10, 1955, 2:08 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, East Asian security; Cambodia; Laos. Vol. XXI, Telegram From the Delegation at the SEATO Council Meeting to the Department of State, Bangkok, February 23, 1955, 6 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Paper Prepared by the Division of Research for USSR and Eastern Europe, Office of Intelligence Research, Washington, January 11, 1956.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Telegram From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Moscow, March 7, 1956, 9 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Soviet Union, Eastern Mediterranean. Vol. XXIV, Intelligence Brief Prepared by the Office of Intelligence Research, № 1902, Washington, March 30, 1956.Foreign relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Central and Southeastern Europe. Vol. XXVI, Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, June 12, 1956, 8 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1961–1963. Vol. V, Soviet Union, 254. Current Intelligence Weekly Review, Washington, October 19, 1962.Foreign relations of the United States, 1958–1960. Vol. X, part 1, Eastern Europe region; Soviet Union; Cyprus, Despatch From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, № 734, Moscow, June 26, 1959.Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968. Vol. XV, Germany and Berlin, 95. Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, February 18, 1965, 1 p.m.Foreign relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Khrushchev at 70: an appraisal of his leadership style, Foreign relations of the United States XIV, Soviet Union, 26. Special Report Prepared in the Central Intelligence Agency, SC № 00615/64B, Washington, April 17, 1964.Foreign relations of the United States, 1981–1988. Vol. III, Soviet Union, January 1981–1983, 170. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Clark) to President Reagan, Washington, May 14, 1982.