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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Samara Journal of Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Samara Journal of Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самарский научный вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-4370</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3016</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22288</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/snv20153208</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">PETROGRAPHY FOR ASSESSMENT OF MOULDING COMPOUND OF ANCIENT POTTERY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Петрографический анализ в оценке формовочных масс при изучении древней глиняной посуды</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulkova</surname><given-names>Marianna Altkseevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулькова</surname><given-names>Марианна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, associate professor of the department of «Geology and geoecology»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, доцент кафедры геологии и геоэкологии</p></bio><email>kulkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Kulkova M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Кулькова М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulkova M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулькова М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/22288">https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/22288</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ancient ceramics are the valuable artifacts which saves the information about ancient people and their traditions. The process of making pottery is begun with the choosing and preparation of raw clay and temper material and further applying of different techniques (moulding of vessel, decoration etc.) and finally firing. Petrographical analysis of ancient pottery allows to determine the mineralogical composition of ceramic matrix, the features of their technology and to identify the raw mineral sources (Feliu et al. 2004, Papadopoulou et al. 2006, Bastie et al. 2006). Such kind investigations expand the frames of our knowledge about ancient technological traditions in pottery making. The following characteristics could be determined in thin-sections of ceramic shards: nature and features of plastic and aplastic inclusions; textural and optical characteristics of clay matrix; shape, amount and orientation of pores; features of surface treatment, decoration. This information is animportant for understanding of principles of ancient technologies. The different temper materials inside clay matrix such as sand, crushed rocks, organic materials, shells, grog can be identified accurately using petrography. The ceramic structure and characteristics of mineral changes during the firing are indicators of firing temperatures and atmosphere. A distribution of clay particles and porous inside of ceramic matrix is useful for reconstruction of moulding methods. The study of ceramic collection of the same cultural tradition and from the same region using petrography gives the possibility for differentiation of the natural and cultural factors influenced on the choose of raw materials, variations in the ceramic composition and techniques. This method is one the most precise for identification of an import pottery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается ряд вопросов, касающихся петрографического метода исследования древней керамики. На основе литературных данных обсуждаются различные характеристики древней керамики по данным петрографического анализа, которые дают возможность оценить источники сырья, состав керамического теста, условия и температуру обжига и, в конечном счете, понять технологический процесс изготовления древней посуды, а также установить различия в традициях изготовления керамики и появление импортных изделий. Процесс изготовления глиняного сосуда начинается с выбора и подготовки глиняного теста (глины и отощителя) и продолжается через последовательность различных техник (формовки сосуда, обработки поверхности) и наконец, обжига. В шлифах могут быть определены различные характеристики керамического материала: природа и характеристики непластичных включений (минеральный состав, процентное содержание, размеры, форма, распределение и ориентация отдельных частиц); текстурные и оптические характеристики глинистой матрицы (двулучепреломление, цвет); форма, количество и ориентация пустот; особенности обработки поверхности, декорация. Информация, полученная по петрографии о керамической структуре и материалам, используемым для создания глиняного изделия, позволяет выяснить принципы, которые гончар применял для выбора и переработки глинистого сырья, лепки сосуда, условий обжига и создания окончательного изделия. Понимание природы этих процессов может быть важным для нашего знания о прошлом, особенно в отношении источников минерального сырья, пространственного распределения торговых связей, специализации производственных технологий и развития технологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>petrography</kwd><kwd>ancient ceramics</kwd><kwd>grog</kwd><kwd>temper</kwd><kwd>raw sources</kwd><kwd>moulding compound of ancient pottery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>петрография</kwd><kwd>древняя керамика</kwd><kwd>шамот</kwd><kwd>отощитель</kwd><kwd>источники сырья</kwd><kwd>составы формо- вочных масс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rye O.S. 1981. Pottery Thechnology. Priciples and recontruction. Manuals on archaeology. Owen. Taraxacum, Wahington, 148</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>McGovern P.E. 1989. 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