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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Samara Journal of Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Samara Journal of Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самарский научный вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-4370</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3016</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108343</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55355/snv2022111207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic markers of domestication (some features of interpretation of laboratory data of paleogenetic researches)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетические маркеры доместикации (особенности интерпретации лабораторных данных палеогенетических исследований)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Pavel Fedorovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Павел Федорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, head of Museum of Archeology of the Volga Region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент, заведующий музеем археологии Поволжья</p></bio><email>pavelf.kpf.kuznetsov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>Sergey Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>non-staff researcher of Museum of Archeology of the Volga Region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>внештатный сотрудник музея археологии Поволжья</p></bio><email>fomenko.f2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 11, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Том 11, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Kuznetsov P.F., Fomenko S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Кузнецов П.Ф., Фоменко С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov P.F., Fomenko S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов П.Ф., Фоменко С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/108343">https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/108343</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper reviews the findings of two research groups, published in the journal «Nature», that focus on the genetic aspects of horses’ domestication in the Bronze Age. Creating coherence and overcoming the contradictions between the data of paleogenetics and archeology through meta-description, which is based on the prevalence of selection, turns into the some controversial conclusions, including: extrapolation caused by the transfer of anthropomorphic characteristics to the physiological characteristics of the horse and the reduction of actors of social processes to genetic markers. In the context of articles on medical genetics and sociology of science, it is proposed to overcome controversies through a change in the optics of analysis of genetic data in the problem of domestication: rejection of the meta-description of the researching phenomena and the actualization of the logic of «meeting» social needs and mutational variability preceding domestication. In addition, the paper deals with the problem of interpreting the genetic data of horse domestication only as a hypothesis. The problem is that there is a significant chronological gap of 500–700 years between genetic ancestors and genuine domestic horses (Dom-2). This period includes such significant archaeological cultures as Abashevskaya, post-Poltavka Volga-Ural and others.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья-обзор рассматривает опубликованные в 2021 году в журнале «Nature» выводы двух исследовательских групп, в фокусе внимания которых находятся генетические аспекты проблемы доместикации лошадей в бронзовом веке. Достижение когерентности и преодоление противоречий данных палеогенетики и археологии посредством мета-описания, в основе которого лежит превалирование селекции, оборачивается рядом спорных выводов, среди которых: экстраполяция, вызванная переносом антропоморфических характеристик на физиологические особенности лошади, и редукция акторов социальных процессов к их генетическим маркерам. В контексте работ по медицинской генетике и социологии науки предполагается разрешение соответствующих противоречий через смену оптики анализа генетических данных в проблеме одомашнивания: отказ от мета-описания исследуемых явлений и актуализация логики встречи социальных потребностей с предшествующей одомашниванию мутационной изменчивостью. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается проблема интерпретации генетических данных одомашнивания лошади лишь как гипотеза. Проблема заключается в том, что между генетическими предшественниками и подлинными домашними лошадьми (Dom-2) существует значимый хронологический разрыв в 500–700 лет. В данный период входят такие значимые археологические культуры, как абашевская, постполтавкинская, волго-уральская и другие.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>actor</kwd><kwd>clinical anatomy of horse</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>genetic markers</kwd><kwd>meta description</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>paleogenetics</kwd><kwd>reduction</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>extrapolation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>актор</kwd><kwd>генетические маркеры</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>клиническая анатомия лошади</kwd><kwd>мета-описание</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>палеогенетика</kwd><kwd>редукция</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>экстраполяция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Latour B., Woolgar S. Laboratory life. The social construction of scientific facts. 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