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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Samara Journal of Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Samara Journal of Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Самарский научный вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2309-4370</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3016</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">104913</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/snv2021104205</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Sciences and Archaeology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические науки и археология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Social Darwinism discourse in the USA fiction at the turn of the 19–20<sub> th</sub> centuries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социал-дарвинистский дискурс в художественной литературе США на рубеже XIX–XX веков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhataev</surname><given-names>Pavel Nikolaevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухатаев</surname><given-names>Павел Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>teacher of history and social theory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>учитель истории и обществознания</p></bio><email>paf028@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lyceum № 1 «Sputnik»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лицей № 1 «Спутник» г.о. Самара</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO4 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Том 10, №4 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Mukhataev P.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Мухатаев П.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukhataev P.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухатаев П.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/104913">https://snv63.ru/2309-4370/article/view/104913</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents an attempt to analyze the relationship between social Darwinism ideology and American literature at the turn of the 19–20<sup>th</sup> centuries. According to philologists, critical realism was customary of that period in literature. The famous authors nowadays such as Theodore Dreiser and Jack London or less well-known, for example, Edward Bellamy and Robert Herrick, presented their plots against the same intellectual background and described them using similar expressions and clichés. Such expressions as «struggle for existence», «natural selection», «survival of the fittest» became the usual ones in American public life at the turn of the 19–20<sup>th</sup> centuries. Social Darwinism rhetoric united the worlds of politics, science and literature. The language determines our ideas about what can be right or wrong, fair and unfair. Ideology and the language played a fundamental role in shaping behavior in the context of the «American dream» especially. The «American dream» contained an idea of equality of opportunities for individuals, provided that they have talent and diligence. The author analyzes the language used in American literature and the influence of social Darwinism ideology on public consciousness. This discourse reveals the essence of social problems and attitudes of the American society in that historical period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье представлена попытка анализа взаимосвязи социал-дарвинистской идеологии и американской литературы на рубеже ХIХ–ХХ вв. В филологической академической среде этот период характеризуется расцветом такого направления, как критический реализм. Известные сегодня авторы, например Теодор Драйзер и Джек Лондон или менее известные – Эдвард Беллами и Роберт Геррик, представляли свои сюжеты на одном и том же интеллектуальном фоне и описывали их, используя схожие выражения и клише. Такие выражения, как «борьба за существование», «естественный отбор», «выживание сильнейших» стали нормой в общественной жизни США на рубеже ХIХ–ХХ вв. Мир политики, науки и литературы объединяет одна риторика – социал-дарвинистская. Язык, на котором объясняются и думают люди, обусловливает и наши представления о правильном и неправильном, справедливом и несправедливом. В контексте «американской мечты», воплощающей идею равенства возможностей индивидов при условии наличия у них таланта и трудолюбия, идеология и язык, который ее проявляет, играют фундаментальную роль в формировании поведения. В статье анализируется язык, используемый в американской литературе и отражающий влияние социал-дарвинистской идеологии на общественное сознание. Этот дискурс раскрывает суть социальных проблем и умонастроений в США того исторического периода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social Darwinism</kwd><kwd>American public thought</kwd><kwd>natural selection</kwd><kwd>struggle for existence</kwd><kwd>American dream</kwd><kwd>American literature of the late 19th – early 20th centuries</kwd><kwd>G. Spenser</kwd><kwd>J. London</kwd><kwd>T. Dreiser</kwd><kwd>E. Bellamy</kwd><kwd>R. Herrick</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социал-дарвинизм</kwd><kwd>американская общественная мысль</kwd><kwd>естественный отбор</kwd><kwd>борьба за существование</kwd><kwd>выживание сильнейших</kwd><kwd>американская мечта</kwd><kwd>американская литература конца XIX – начала XX вв.</kwd><kwd>Г. Спенсер</kwd><kwd>Дж. Лондон</kwd><kwd>Т. Драйзер</kwd><kwd>Э. Беллами</kwd><kwd>Р. Геррик</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Literary history of the United States. Vol. 2 / eds. R.E. Spiller, W. Torp. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1948. 1422 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Mahan A.T. The interest of America in sea power present and future. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1917. 314 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Jeffreys-Jones R. 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