Vortex electromagnetic waves: radiation, receiving, perspectives of application

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A review of achievements in the field of research of electromagnetic waves with spiral phase front and their applications is presented. Known methods of radiation and receiving of such waves are considered, as well as their application to increase the efficiency of frequency spectrum use in radio communication systems due to simultaneous transmission of signals on several vortex modes with different angular indices, to improve the performance of radar systems with synthetic aperture by obtaining additional information, methods of reducing backscattering of radar objects. The ways of further research are discussed.

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Sobre autores

M. Azarov

Institute of Microdevices and Control Systems (MCS) National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)

Email: vak@cplire.ru
Rússia, Zelenograd, Moscow, Shokin Squar., 1, 124498

A. Airapetian

Institute of Microdevices and Control Systems (MCS) National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)

Email: vak@cplire.ru
Rússia, Zelenograd, Moscow, Shokin Squar., 1, 124498

V. Kaloshin

Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: vak@cplire.ru
Rússia, Mokhovaya Str., 11, Build. 7, Moscow, 125009

K. Lyalin

Institute of Microdevices and Control Systems (MCS) National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)

Email: vak@cplire.ru
Rússia, Zelenograd, Moscow, Shokin Squar., 1, 124498

Yu. Meleshin

Institute of Microdevices and Control Systems (MCS) National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)

Email: i@imym.ru
Rússia, Zelenograd, Moscow, Shokin Squar., 1, 124498

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2. Fig. 1. Distribution of the VV phase on a plane orthogonal to the direction of propagation with azimuthal indices l: 1 (a); 2 (b); 3 (c).

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3. Fig. 2. Number of publications on the research and application of explosives by year.

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4. Fig. 3. Reflector antenna.

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5. Fig. 4. Spiral phase plate.

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6. Fig. 5. OAR for the formation of explosives [69, Fig. 1].

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7. Fig. 6. PAIR with two irradiators: side view (a), sectional view (b) [72, Fig. 1].

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8. Fig. 7. PAIR with one irradiator [78, Fig. 1].

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9. Fig. 8. DRA based on a cylindrical resonator [55, Fig. 1].

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10. Fig. 9. Antenna in the form of a DRA array: front view (a), rear view (b), dielectric resonators and positioning array (c) [90, Fig. 10].

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11. Fig. 10. DRA based on a hemispherical resonator with two modes [58, Fig. 1].

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12. Fig. 11. Dual-mode PATCH antenna [84, Fig. 13].

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13. Fig. 12. Dual-mode antenna based on two coaxial traveling wave resonators [21, Fig. 1].

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14. Fig. 13. Structure of a printed antenna array for radiation of +1 and –1 modes in the C-band: layered view (a), front view with transparent layers (b) [35, Fig. 1].

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15. Fig. 14. Ring antenna array for first mode radiation in the X-band [37, Fig. 5].

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16. Fig. 15. DOS for radiation of several explosives [20, Fig. 1].

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17. Fig. 16. Rothman lens for emitting several explosives: receiving (a), transmitting (b) [89, Fig. 2].

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18. Fig. 17. Antenna array using: RF keys (a) [27, Fig. 5]; PIN diodes (b) [28, Fig. 2].

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19. Fig. 18. Spectrum efficiency depending on user density and different number of BBs [92, Fig. 6].

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20. Fig. 19. Spectral efficiency: MIMO 4 × 4 (a); system with high-frequency multiplexing with 4 modes (b); MIMO 2 × 2 with high-frequency multiplexing (c); dependence of the capacity for different system configurations on the relative communication range L/λ (d) [95, Fig. 8].

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21. Fig. 20. MIMO-BB antenna with four ECRs and one emitter in the center (a); elementary patch antennas with vertical and horizontal polarizations (b) [96, Fig. 8].

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22. Fig. 21. Metasurfaces of different configurations (a–g) for the formation of reflected explosives [112, Fig. 3].

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23. Fig. 22. Scattering diagrams for the metasurfaces shown in Fig. 21 at different frequencies [112, Fig. 5].

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Declaração de direitos autorais © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2025