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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Microbiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Microbiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микробиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0026-3656</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5464</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698753</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034546425060089</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Osmolytes and Membrane Lipids in Cold Adaptation in the Psychrophilic Ascomycete Leuconeurospora pulcherrima</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РОЛЬ ОСМОЛИТОВ И МЕМБРАННЫХ ЛИПИДОВ В АДАПТАЦИИ К ХОЛОДУ У ПСИХРОФИЛЬНОГО АСКОМИЦЕТА LEUCONEUROSPORA PULCHERRIMA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>noticeifer@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saharova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ianutsevich</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Януцевич</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochkina</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конкина</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshina</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терёшина</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт микробиологии им. С. Н. Виноградского, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии” РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science The Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований” РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>94</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 94, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 94, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>582</fpage><lpage>593</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/0026-3656/article/view/698753">https://snv63.ru/0026-3656/article/view/698753</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the growth rate at different temperatures the ascomycete Leuconeurospora pulcherrima is a psychrophile, as it grows in a temperature range from ‒2 to 22.5°C, with optimum growth observed at 15°C. To study the mechanisms of adaptation to cold, the fungus was grown in a submerged culture at optimal (15°C) and reduced (5°C) temperatures. The amount of osmolytes at 15°C reaches 10%, and in cold conditions it is twice as low. Trehalose (60% of the total) and polyol mannitol (30%) dominate in the fungal osmolytes at the optimal temperature, and their ratio does not change during growth. At 5°C, their ratio also does not change during growth, but the proportion of mannitol increases slightly (35%) and the proportion of trehalose decreases (55%). The membrane lipid profile at both temperatures is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylcholines. At 15°C, the proportions of the main phospholipids do not change during growth, only the proportion of sterols doubles. On the contrary, at 5°C during growth, a significant increase in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines is observed against the background of a decrease in the proportion of phosphatidic acids, while the proportion of sterols remains constantly low. Under optimal conditions, linoleic acid dominates in the composition of fatty acids of phospholipids (60% of the total), and at 5°C – linoleic and linolenic, which leads to a significant increase in the degree of unsaturation. Thus, to adapt to cold, the fungus regulates membrane fluidity by significantly increasing the relative content of linolenic acid in phospholipids, decreasing the sterol/phospholipid ratio, dominating non-bilayer lipids in membranes, and increasing the mannitol/trehalose ratio.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Согласно скорости роста при различных температурах, аскомицет Leuconeurospora pulcherrima относится к психрофилам, так как растет в диапазоне температур от −2 до 22.5°С, а оптимум роста наблюдается при 15°С. Для изучения механизмов адаптации к холоду гриб выращивали в глубинной культуре при оптимальной (15°С) и пониженной (5°С) температурах. Количество осмолитов при 15°С достигало 10%, а в холодных условиях ‒ вдвое ниже. В составе осмолитов гриба при оптимальной температуре доминировали трегалоза (60% от суммы) и полиол маннит (30%), и в процессе роста их соотношение не изменялось. При 5°С в процессе роста их соотношение также оставалось неизменным, однако немного увеличивалась доля маннита (35%) и снижалась доля трегалозы (55%). В профиле мембранных липидов при обеих температурах доминировали фосфатидилэтаноламины, фосфатидные кислоты и фосфатидилхолины. При 15°С в процессе роста доли основных фосфолипидов не изменялись, только вдвое повышалась доля стеринов. Напротив, в процессе роста при 5°С наблюдался существенный рост доли фосфатидилэтаноламинов и фосфатидилхолинов на фоне снижения доли фосфатидных кислот, тогда как доля стеринов оставалась постоянно низкой. В оптимальных условиях в составе жирных кислот фосфолипидов доминировали линолевая кислота (60% от суммы), а при 5°С – линолевая и линоленовая, что приводило к значительному повышению степени ненасыщенности (до 2.0). Таким образом, для адаптации к холоду гриб регулирует текучесть мембран путем значительного роста относительного содержания линоленовой кислоты в фосфолипидах, снижения соотношения стерины/фосфолипиды, доминирования небислойных липидов в мембранах, увеличения соотношения маннит/трегалоза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychrophilia</kwd><kwd>trehalose</kwd><kwd>polyols</kwd><kwd>phosphatidic acids</kwd><kwd>sterols</kwd><kwd>degree of unsaturation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психрофилия</kwd><kwd>трегалоза</kwd><kwd>полиолы</kwd><kwd>фосфатидные кислоты</kwd><kwd>стерины</kwd><kwd>степень ненасыщенности</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Данилова О.А., Януцевич Е.А., Кочкина Г.А., Гроза Н.В., Терешина В.М. Особенности адаптации к холоду у психротолерантного микромицета Mucor flavus // Микробиология. 2024. Т. 93. 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