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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Microbiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Microbiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микробиология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0026-3656</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5464</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698747</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034546425060022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Phototrophic Communities of Algo-Bacterial Mats of the Unique Relict Salt Pool Manych-Gudilo</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ФОТОТРОФНЫЕ СООБЩЕСТВА АЛЬГО-БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ МАТОВ УНИКАЛЬНОГО РЕЛИКТОВОГО СОЛЕНОГО ВОДОЕМА МАНЫЧ-ГУДИЛО</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorlenko</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горленко</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vgorlenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savvichev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саввичев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunina</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostrikina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кострикина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolganova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колганова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhacheva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухачева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Letarova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летарова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Letarov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">FRC “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр “Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии” Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>94</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 94, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 94, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>511</fpage><lpage>526</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://snv63.ru/0026-3656/article/view/698747">https://snv63.ru/0026-3656/article/view/698747</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lake Manych-Gudilo is a relict lake formed 2–3 million years ago at the site of the ancient strait connecting the Black and Caspian seas. During the dry season, total water salinity exceeds 50 g/L, with the levels of sulfate and magnesium in the brine higher than in the ocean water. The coastline has numerous bays and separating shallow basins. The article reports the results of investigation of microbial biodiversity in the algo-bacterial mat in a shallow basin with salinity varying from 40 to 70 g/L, which is associated with Lake Manych-Gudilo. The studied mat had the properties of a sulfuret, a community with an intense sulfur turnover. Microalgae of the genus Cladophora and filamentous cyanobacteria were the main producers of organic matter in the benthic community. Among the anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria isolated in pure cultures, halophilic purple sulfur bacteria Ectothiorhodospira marina and Lamprobacter modestohalophilus and green sulfur bacteria Prosthecochloris sp. predominated. Nonsulfur purple bacteria Rhodovulum adriatica, also present in the community, were able to use sulfide for photosynthesis. All identified species were typical of microbial mats of saline and hypersaline basins with elevated levels of sulfate and bivalent cations. The algo-bacterial mat was reconstructed in the laboratory at 80 g/L salinity using a Winogradsky column. Microbial diversity of the experimental mat was studied by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene fragments. The data obtained improved our understanding of bacterial species diversity in microbial mats adapted to extreme hypersaline conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Озеро Маныч-Гудило — реликтовый водоем, возникший 2–3 миллиона лет назад на месте древнего пролива, соединявшего Черное и Каспийское моря. Общая минерализация воды озера в засушливый период превышает 50 г/л, причем в рассоле отмечается высокое содержание сульфатов и магния по сравнению с соленым составом воды Мирового океана. Береговая линия озера изрезана заливами и отделяющимися мелководными водоемами. В статье приводятся результаты исследования биоразнообразия микроорганизмов, формирующих альго-бактериальный мат в мелководном водоеме с переменной соленостью от 40 до 70 г/л, связанный с озером Маныч-Гудило. Исследованный микробный мат имеет черты, характерные для “сульфурета”, сообщества с интенсивным круговоротом серы. Основными продуцентами органического вещества в бентосном сообществе являются микроводоросли рода Cladophora и нитчатые цианобактерии. Получен ряд чистых культур аноксигенных фотогрофных бактерий, среди которых преобладали галофильные пурпурные серобактерии Ectothiorhodospira marina и Lamprobacter modestohalophilus, а также зеленые серобактерии Prosthecochloris sp. Присутствующие в сообществе несерные пурпурные бактерии Rhodovulum adriatica проявляли способность использовать сульфид в процессе фотосинтеза. Все идентифицированные виды типичны для микробного мата соленых и гиперсоленых водоемов с повышенным содержанием сульфата и двухвалентных катионов. В лабораторных условиях при солености 80 г/л, по принципу колонки Виноградского, был воспроизведен альго-бактериальный мат. Микробное разнообразие экспериментального мата определяли методом секвенирования фрагментов гена 16S РНК. Полученные данные расширили представление о видовом разнообразии бактерий микробного мата, адаптированного к существованию в экстремальных условиях гиперсолености.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Relict lake Manych-Gudilo</kwd><kwd>hypersaline ecosystems</kwd><kwd>algal-bacterial mats</kwd><kwd>anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria</kwd><kwd>sulfur cycle bacteria</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реликтовое озеро Маныч-Гудило</kwd><kwd>гиперсоленые экосистемы</kwd><kwd>альго-бактериальные маты</kwd><kwd>аноксигенные фотогрофные бактерии</kwd><kwd>бактерии круговорота серы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 25-24-00184.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 25-24-00184).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bachar A., Omoregie E., de Wit R., Jonkers H.M. 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